Hippocampal and cortical atrophy predict dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease

Fein, George; Sclafani, Victoria Di; Tanabe, Jody; Cardenas, V. A.; Weiner, Michael W.; Jagust, William J.; Reed, Bruce R; Norman, David; Schuff, Norbert; Kusdra, Leonard; Greenfield, Tyler; Chui, Helena C.

doi:10.1212/wnl.55.11.1626

Cited by 379 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…The pattern of cognitive impairment is consistent with models of impaired cortical and subcortical neuronal pathways (Kramer et al, 2002). Complex interactions in producing cognitive decline have been shown (Fein et al, 2000) and changes in cortex and hippocampus, while other interactions suggested significant correlations between cortical lesions and frontal atrophy (Burton et al, 2003;Hentschel et al, 2003). Preclinical (Kimura et al, 2000) and clinical evidence (Swartz and Black, 2002) indicate that a cholinergic deficit similar to that seen in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) may be associated with vascular dementia (VaD); which suggests that these patients may benefit from treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, as has been confirmed in recent studies (Erkinjuntti et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Moretti

Miniussi

Frisoni

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: We evaluated the changes induced by cerebrovascular (CV) damage on brain rhythmicity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We enrolled 99 MCI subjects (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] mean score 26.6). All subjects underwent EEG recording and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). EEGs were recorded at rest. Individual EEG frequencies were indexed by the h/a transition frequency (TF) and by the individual a frequency (IAF) with power peak in the extended a range (5-14 Hz). Relative power was separately computed for d, h, a1, a2, and a3 frequency bands on the basis of the TF and IAF values. Subsequently, we divided the cohort in four sub-groups based on subcortical CV damage as scored by the age-related white matter changes scale (ARWMC). Results: CV damage was associated with 'slowing' of TF proportional to its severity. In the spectral bandpower the severity of vascular damage was associated with increased d power and decreased a2 power. No association of vascular damage was observed with IAF and a3 power. Moreover, the h/a1 ratio could be a reliable index for the estimation of the individual extent of CV damage. Conclusions: EEG analysis may show physiological markers sensitive to CV damage. The appropriate use of this EEG index may help the differential diagnosis of different forms of cognitive decline, namely primary degenerative and secondary to CV damage. Significance: The EEG neurophysiological approach, together with anatomical features from imaging, could be helpful in the understanding of the functional substrate of dementing disorders.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Moretti

Miniussi

Frisoni

et al. 2007

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Cortical gray matter volume reflects the degree of cortical atrophy, with smaller cortical gray matter volume indicating greater cortical atrophy. In AD, cortical gray matter correlates significantly with overall cognitive functioning and degree of dementia, and thus can be viewed as a marker of dementia severity (Fein et al, 2000;Mungas et al, 2001). When cortical gray matter, hippocampal volumes and white matter signal hyperintensities were simultaneously entered into a regression model predicting immediate recall, only cortical gray matter volume explained a significant proportion of the variance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image acquisition and segmentation methods have been previously described (Fein et al, 2000;Mungas et al, 2001). A computer algorithm was used to classify brain MRI pixels first into principal tissue types of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal volume and retention in Alzheimer's disease

Kramer

Schuff

Reed

et al. 2004

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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This study tested the hypothesis that the hippocampus has a relatively specific role in retaining information over delays. Thirty-seven subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease were evaluated with a verbal memory task and structural MRI. Cortical gray matter but not hippocampal volume predicted immediate free recall. In contrast, hippocampal volume was the best predictor of how well information was retained over a delay, even after controlling for levels of immediate recall. Results suggest that the role of the hippocampus is relatively specific to the consolidation of new memories.

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“…Segmentation to obtain quantitative volumes of lacunes (LAC), WMH, cortical gray matter (CGM), and hippocampal volume (HV) was accomplished using the T-1 and T-2 weighted axial images. Image segmentation methods have been previously described elsewhere (Fein et al, 2000). A computer algorithm was used to classify brain MRI pixels first into principle tissue types of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid.…”

Section: Mri Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and neuroimaging predictors of instrumental activities of daily living

Cahn-Weiner

Farias

Julián

et al. 2007

J. Inter. Neuropsych. Soc.

187

167

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Impaired ability to conduct daily activities is a diagnostic criterion for dementia and a determinant of healthcare services utilization and caregiver burden. What predicts decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is not well understood. This study examined measures of episodic memory, executive function, and MRI brain volumes in relation to baseline IADLs and as predictors of rate of IADL change. Participants were 124 elderly persons with cognitive function between normal and moderate dementia both with and without significant small vessel cerebrovascular disease. Random effects modeling showed that baseline memory and executive function (EXEC) were associated with baseline IADL scores, but only EXEC was independently associated with rate of change in IADLs. Whereas hippocampal and cortical gray matter volumes were significantly associated with baseline IADL scores, only hippocampal volume was associated with IADL change. In a model including cognitive and neuroimaging predictors, only EXEC independently predicted rate of decline in IADL scores. These findings indicate that greater executive dysfunction at initial assessment is associated with more rapid decline in IADLs. Perhaps executive function is particularly important with respect to maintaining IADLs. Alternatively, executive dysfunction may be a sentinel event indicating widespread cortical involvement and poor prognosis.

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Hippocampal and cortical atrophy predict dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease

Abstract: Background-The cause of dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) is controversial.

Cited by 379 publications

References 51 publications

Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Vascular damage and EEG markers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment

Hippocampal volume and retention in Alzheimer's disease

Cognitive and neuroimaging predictors of instrumental activities of daily living

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