Histo-morphometric evaluation of post-augmentation bone tissue of the human mandible

Abstract

The clinical challenge of today is to restore the biological structure of atrophied bone tissue by combining methods of complex clinical rehabilitation, that is, intraosseous implantation and augmentation, in its interimplant sites. The aim of the study was to perform a histo-morphometric assessment of post-augmentation bone tissue using a combined technique of controlled autocellular transplantation with the use of bone allograft filler on edentulous distal segments of the human mandible with varying degrees and forms of atrophy. Trepanbiopsy specimens were used as the study material, after microtomy processing of which histological slides were prepared, followed by the accelerated May-Grunwald staining-fixation technique (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA). For the histomorphometric study, stained histological specimens of post-augmentation bone tissue were imaged with an optical microscope camera (Leica DMLB, Germany). The analysis was performed using the Fiji information software, with the formation of reconstructed mosaic digital micrographs for further histomorphometry. The results of the evaluation of controlled bone tissue formation (post-augmentation), which are the key tasks, novelty, and justification of modern and effective methods of rehabilitation of patients with acquired forms of atrophy in the edentulous distal segments of the human mandible, are illustrated by microphotographs and presented in detail in this paper by the percentage of the quality of cross-linking of the cortical layer. The ratio of the newly formed cortical layer of bone tissue to the total area of the post-augmentation tissue study was 61.30 %, with a lateral form of atrophy (according to J. Cawood and R. Howell: class IV), in the post-augmentation period – 4 months. The histo-morphometric assessment of the qualitatively formed cortical bone in the post-augmentation period of six months is 92.80 % of the total postoperative area. Therefore, it is biased to evaluate the quality of the formed bone in the mandible within the generally accepted average period of four months, although paraclinical densitometry shows positive values.