Histochemical detection and image analysis of non-specific esterase activity and the amount of polyphenols during annual bud development in Norway spruce

Bilkova, Jitka; Albrechtová, Jana; Opatrná, Jana

doi:10.1093/jxb/50.336.1129

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…As mentioned above, pinitol forms complexes with B and thus fertilisation of trees with boron in June could have increased its concentration still in the buds of the same year. Moreover, the collenchymatic plate which enables buds to supercool is also produced during the late stages of bud development (Bilkova et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ice crystal formation in buds explain growth disturbances in boron-deficient Norway spruce?

Räisänen

Repo

Rikala³

et al. 2006

Trees

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Loss of apical dominance in boron-deficient trees has been suggested to be due to frost damage of terminal buds and leaders. Excessive nitrogen (N) supply can exacerbate boron (B) deficiency by the dilution-effect. N may also have direct effects on winter hardiness. We studied frost hardening of buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in healthy-looking trees and in trees with growth disturbances. The effect of B and N on frost hardiness was studied in a factorial fertilisation experiment during cold acclimation. Frost hardiness was determined by differential temperature analysis (DTA) and scoring of visual damage. In a DTA profile of apical buds with a piece of stem, lowtemperature exotherm (LTE) predicted bud injury, while two of the observed high-temperature exotherms and two of the observed intermediate-temperature exotherms were non injurious. Appearance of LTE followed changes in air temperature. The risk of frost damage was not affected by fertilisation treatments or previously observed growth disturbances. However, when the bud structure was deformed by severe B deficiency, the supercooling ability disappeared. Such buds are probably killed by freezing in nature and therefore, frost damage may play a secondary role in the development of growth disturbances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ice crystal formation in buds explain growth disturbances in boron-deficient Norway spruce?

Räisänen

Repo

Rikala³

et al. 2006

Trees

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“…An aniline blue stain was used to determine certain structural characteristics of the Salvia aurea secretory organs, specifically the presence of cutin as a component of the stalk cells of peltate glandular trichomes. Nitrous acid has been used to detect and localize phenols in secretory structures of plant species from 26 families and in the conifer Picea abies (Pinaceae) [75]. Gersbach et al [76] have developed a new method for the histochemical localization of monoterpene phenols in essential oil secretory structures (trichomes) in Lamiaceae species (Thymus vulgaris L., Oreganum vulgaris L. and M. x piperita L.).…”

Section: Essential Oil Accumulating Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Essential Oil Biosynthesis and Regulation in the Genus Cymbopogon

Ganjewala

Luthra²

2010

Natural Product Communications

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Essential oils distilled from Cymbopogon species are of immense commercial value as flavors and fragrances in the perfumery, cosmetics, soaps, and detergents and in pharmaceutical industries. Two major constituents of the essential oil, geraniol and citral, due to their specific rose and lemon like aromas are widely used as flavors, fragrances and cosmetics. Citral is also used for the synthesis of vitamin A and ionones (for example, β-ionone, methyl ionone). Moreover, Cymbopogon essential oils and constituents possess many useful biological activities including cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. Despite the immense commercial and biological significance of the Cymbopogon essential oils, little is known about their biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms. So far it is known that essential oils are biosynthesized via the classical acetate-MVA route and existence of a newly discovered MEP pathway in Cymbopogon remains as a topic for investigation. The aim of the present review is to discuss the biosynthesis and regulation of essential oils in the genus Cymbopogon with given emphasis to two elite members, lemongrass (C. flexuosus Nees ex Steud) and palmarosa (C. martinii Roxb.). This article highlights the work done so far towards understanding of essential oil biosynthesis and regulation in the genus Cymbopogon. Also, based on our experiences with Cymbopogon species, we would like to propose C. flexuosus as a model system for the study of essential oil metabolism beyond the much studied plant family Lamiaceae.

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“…It means cooling of the buds to temperatures down to even -40°C without ice crystal formation in the primordial shoot. Deep supercooling of buds is dependent on the structures within the bud, as the collenchymatic plate in the bud axis functions as a barrier for the spread of ice (Bilkova et al 1999, Räisänen et al 2006b). Possible mechanisms that can affect the properties of this barrier include changes in the pectic compounds of the collenchymatic plate (Fleischer et al 1999) or membrane-cell wall interactions (Bassil et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold acclimation of Norway spruce roots and shoots after boron fertilization

Räisänen¹,

Repo²,

Lehto³

2009

Silva Fenn.

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Boron deficiency, manifested as shoot dieback, is a problem in conifer stands growing on soils with high nitrogen availability in Fennoscandia. Earlier observations on Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) suggest that freezing tolerance is decreased by boron deficiency. Here, the effect of boron fertilization on cold acclimation of Norway spruce was studied in a young stand with initially low boron status two years after fertilization. Buds, stems, needles and roots were collected at five sampling times during cold acclimation and subsequently exposed to series of freezing temperatures. Lethal temperatures of organs were assessed by electrolyte leakage method (EL) and visual scoring of damage (VS). Freezing tolerance of buds was measured also by differential thermal analysis (DTA).The mean boron (B) concentration in needles was 4 mg kg -1 in unfertilized and 21 mg kg -1 in B-fertilized trees while critical level of B deficiency is considered to be 5 mg kg -1 . The risk for increased freezing injuries in the low-B trees was not evident since all trees achieved cold hardiness that would be sufficient in central Finland. At two sampling times out of five, shoots or stem of B-fertilized trees were slightly more freezing tolerant than non-fertilized trees. However, the present study does not give strong evidence for the hypothesis that decreased freezing tolerance in B deficiency would be a triggering factor for leader dieback in Norway spruce at the B levels studied.

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Histochemical detection and image analysis of non-specific esterase activity and the amount of polyphenols during annual bud development in Norway spruce

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Does ice crystal formation in buds explain growth disturbances in boron-deficient Norway spruce?

Does ice crystal formation in buds explain growth disturbances in boron-deficient Norway spruce?

Essential Oil Biosynthesis and Regulation in the Genus Cymbopogon

Cold acclimation of Norway spruce roots and shoots after boron fertilization

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