Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan‐3‐ol biosynthesis

Hoffmann, Thomas; Friedlhuber, R.; Steinhauser, Clara; Tittel, I.; Skowranek, Kilian; Schwab, Wilfried; Fischer, Thilo C.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00462.x

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This approach resulted in strong unbalancing of flavonoid classes and a striking anthocyanin phenotype in unripe fruits. Ectopic anthocyanin formation in other epicatechin-forming organs (Hoffmann et al, 2012), such as the stigmata of flowers and root tips, was also observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Premature and ectopic anthocyanin formation by silencing of anthocyanidin reductase in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

et al. 2013

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Summary Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a fruit crop with a distinct biphasic flavonoid biosynthesis. Whereas, in the immature receptacle, high levels of proanthocyanidins accumulate, which are associated with herbivore deterrence and pathogen defense, the prominent color‐giving anthocyanins are primarily produced in ripe ‘fruits’ helping to attract herbivores for seed dispersal. Here, constitutive experimental down‐regulation of one branch of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis was performed. As a result, the proportion of epicatechin monomeric units within the proanthocyanidin polymer chains was reduced, but this was not the case for the epicatechin starter unit. Shortened chain lengths of proanthocyanidins were also observed. All enzymatic activities for the production of color‐giving anthocyanins were already present in unripe fruits at levels allowing a striking red anthocyanin phenotype in unripe fruits of the RNAi silencing lines. An immediately recognizable phenotype was also observed for the stigmata of flowers, which is another epicatechin‐forming tissue. Thus, the down‐regulation of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) induced a redirection of the proanthocyanidin pathway, leading to premature and ectopic anthocyanin biosynthesis via enzymatic glycosylation as the alternative pathway. This redirection is also seen in flavonol biosynthesis, which is paralleled by higher pollen viability in silencing lines. ANRi transgenic lines of strawberry provide a versatile tool for the study of the biological functions of proanthocyanidins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…comm.). The specificity of the assay has been studied previously (Treutter, 1989;Hoffmann et al, 2012).…”

Section: Histochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature and ectopic anthocyanin formation by silencing of anthocyanidin reductase in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

et al. 2013

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“…The flavan-3-ols seems less abundant among root polyphenols and studied only in some plants Centuria maculosa, Rumex acetosa, Zea mays, Fagopyrum esculentum, Fragaria ananassa and M. domestica (Bais et al 2006;Tolrà et al 2005;Kalinova et al 2007;Tolrà et al 2009;Hoffmann et al 2011Osawa et al 2011. The flavan-3-ols has also been reported to facilitate the expansion of epidermis cells away from Al during root elongation in Cinnamomum camphora (Osawa et al 2011).…”

Section: O or Ri Ig Gi In Na Al L R Re Es Se Ea Ar Rc Ch H A Ar Rt Timentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different flavan-3-ols are known to be present in roots of Fragaria (strawberry), Malus (apple), Rosa (rose), Pyrus (pear) and Prunus (plum) (Hoffmann et al 2011). In fresh leaves of tea plant, major flavan-3-ols are GC, EGC, Cat, EC, EGCG, and ECG.…”

Section: Wwwplantrootorg 74mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flavan-3-ols has also been reported to facilitate the expansion of epidermis cells away from Al during root elongation in Cinnamomum camphora (Osawa et al 2011). The flavan-3-ols is secondary metabolite characteristic of Rosaceae and studied with respect to their pharmaceutical relevance in root (Hoffmann et al 2011). Flavan-3-ols are also identified as constituent of root exudates (Hassan and Mathesius 2012).…”

Section: O or Ri Ig Gi In Na Al L R Re Es Se Ea Ar Rc Ch H A Ar Rt Timentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of CsDFR and CsANR enhanced flavonoids accumulation and antioxidant potential of roots in tobacco

Kumar

Yadav

2013

Plant Root

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Answering biological questions by analysis of the strawberry metabolome

et al. 2018

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Background The qualitative and quantitative analysis of all low molecular weight metabolites within a biological sample, known as the metabolome, provides powerful insights into their roles in biological systems and processes. The study of all the chemical structures, concentrations, and interactions of the thousands of metabolites is called metabolomics. However present state of the art methods and equipment can only analyse a small portion of the numerous, structurally diverse groups of chemical substances found in biological samples, especially with respect to samples of plant origin with their huge diversity of secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, metabolite profiling and fingerprinting techniques have been applied to the analysis of the strawberry metabolome since their early beginnings. Aim The application of metabolomics and metabolite profiling approaches within strawberry research was last reviewed in 2011. Here, we aim to summarize the latest results from research of the strawberry metabolome since its last review with a special emphasis on studies that address specific biological questions. Key scientific concepts Analysis of strawberry, and other fruits, requires a plethora of analytical methods and approaches encompassing the analysis of primary and secondary metabolites, as well as capturing and quantifying volatile compounds that are related to aroma as well as fruit development, function and plant-to-plant communication. The success and longevity of metabolite and volatile profiling approaches in fruit breeding relies upon the ability of the approach to uncover biologically meaningful insights. The key concepts that must be addressed and are reviewed include: gene function analysis and genotype comparison, analysis of environmental effects and plant protection, screening for bioactive compounds for food and non-food uses, fruit development and physiology as well as fruit sensorial quality. In future, the results will facilitate fruit breeding due to the identification of metabolic QTLs and candidate genes for fruit quality and consumer preference.

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Histochemical screening, metabolite profiling and expression analysis reveal Rosaceae roots as the site of flavan‐3‐ol biosynthesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Premature and ectopic anthocyanin formation by silencing of anthocyanidin reductase in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Premature and ectopic anthocyanin formation by silencing of anthocyanidin reductase in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)

Overexpression of CsDFR and CsANR enhanced flavonoids accumulation and antioxidant potential of roots in tobacco

Answering biological questions by analysis of the strawberry metabolome

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