Histologic Features of Human Orbicularis Oculi Treated With Botulinum A Toxin

Harris, Cheryl P.; Alderson, Kathy; Nebeker, Jonathan R.; Holds, John B.; Anderson, Richard L.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1991.01080030095046

Cited by 61 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This and the idea that not all glands are influenced by the toxin might be responsible for our patient not having serious problems with a dry nose. The absence of necrosis or inflammation after exposure to botulinum toxin has been described before [8,9]. We could not detect any signs of inflammatory processes of the mucosa, and no complaints were expressed by our patient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Minimally Invasive Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Nasal Hypersecretion

Rohrbach

Laskawi²

2001

ORL

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We report on the effect of the local application of botulinum toxin A on nasal hypersecretion in a female patient with intrinsic rhinitis. 20 units of botulinum toxin A (Botox^®) was inserted into each nostril using a small sponge in close contact with the lower and middle turbinates. The effect was scored by the patient and by rhinomanometry. Nasal hypersecretion diminished clearly 5 days after the treatment. The rhinomanometric flow increased 2 weeks after the application. No side effects occurred. We conclude that this minimal invasive method of local botulinum toxin application might be a very effective and safe option for the treatment of nasal hypersecretion of different etiologies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Minimally Invasive Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Nasal Hypersecretion

Rohrbach

Laskawi²

2001

ORL

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“…This is similar to previous reports confirming the absence of orbicularis histological changes following BoNTA injection for blepharospasm. 13 In conclusion, our results show favourable outcomes for non-surgical BoNTA treatment of lacrimal outflow obstruction in the elderly patients or those for whom surgery may be contraindicated. Epiphora completely resolved in a fifth, improved by up to 60-90% in a half and only 'a little better' in a further fifth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of epiphora in lacrimal outflow obstruction

Ziahosseini

Al-Abbadi

Malhotra

2015

Eye

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Purpose: To describe our experience with the use of botulinum toxin (BoNTA) for the symptomatic treatment of lacrimal outflow obstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case notes of patients with epiphora due to lacrimal outflow obstruction who chose to have injections of botulinum toxin into the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland instead of surgery between 2009 and 2014. Epiphora was graded subjectively with Munk scores obtained before and after treatment as well as qualitative degree of improvement reported by the patients. Severity and duration of side effects were also noted. Results: Seventeen patients (22 eyes, mean age 70.3, 4 males and 13 females) were identified. A mean of 3.5 (range; 1-10) injections of BoNTA (Botox, Allergan; 1.25-7.5 units) were given per eye. The mean interval between injections was 3.9 months (range 3-6). The mean Munk score (3.4, range 2-4) improved significantly after treatment to 1.6 (range: 0-3, P = 0.0001 paired two-tailed t-test). Epiphora completely resolved in a fifth, improved by up to 60-90% in a half and only 'a little better' in a further fifth. Temporary bruising and diplopia (lasting 2 weeks) was reported in 12% (2/17). Conclusion: We report our outcomes for BoNTA to the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland in patients with lacrimal outflow obstruction epiphora seeking alternatives to surgery. This data provide further evidence for informed consent and for commissioning organisations considering the funding of this treatment.

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“…50,51 These effects are temporary, and BTX-A does not, therefore, produce persistent changes in the muscle fiber after recovery from paralysis. [50][51][52] BTX-A can produce beneficial gross muscular changes, such as reversing hypertrophy in dystonic muscle groups. 53 Physiological changes induced by BTX-A include a reduction in resting membrane potentials and fibrillation potentials, and the elimination of extrajunctional acetylcholinesterase activity.…”

Section: Action On Striated Versus Smooth Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Insight: biological effects of botulinum toxin A in the lower urinary tract

et al. 2008

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SUMMARYBotulinum toxins can effectively and selectively disrupt and modulate neurotransmission in striated muscle. Recently, urologists have become interested in the use of these toxins in patients with detrusor overactivity and other urological disorders. In both striated and smooth muscle, botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is internalized by presynaptic neurons after binding to an extracellular receptor (ganglioside and presumably synaptic vesicle protein 2C). In the neuronal cytosol, BTX-A disrupts fusion of the acetylcholine-containing vesicle with the neuronal wall by cleaving the SNAP-25 protein in the synaptic fusion complex. The net effect is selective paralysis of the low-grade contractions of the unstable detrusor, while still allowing high-grade contraction that initiates micturition. Additionally, BTX-A seems to have effects on afferent nerve activity by modulating the release of ATP in the urothelium, blocking the release of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and glutamate from afferent nerves, and reducing levels of nerve growth factor. These effects on sensory feedback loops might not only help to explain the mechanism of BTX-A in relieving symptoms of overactive bladder, but also suggest a potential role for BTX-A in the relief of hyperalgesia associated with lower urinary tract disorders.

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Histologic Features of Human Orbicularis Oculi Treated With Botulinum A Toxin

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Minimally Invasive Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Nasal Hypersecretion

Minimally Invasive Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Nasal Hypersecretion

Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of epiphora in lacrimal outflow obstruction

Drug Insight: biological effects of botulinum toxin A in the lower urinary tract

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