Histological and Hormonal Study on Effect of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) on Some Reproductive and Embryonic Parameters in Female Mice

AL-Rekabi, Sally Adnan

doi:10.28969/ijeir.v7.i1.2

Cited by 1 publication

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“…All the female mice were divided into three groups: normal saline solution (SS), CC-containing PBF, and CC. The dose received was based on previous studies [12,13]. The stage of the estrous cycle was determined by microscopic analysis of the predominant cell type in vaginal smears (Fig.…”

Section: Ovarian Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and evaluation of a novel nanodrug delivery system for reducing the side effects of clomiphene citrate on endometrium

et al. 2020

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Background Stimulation of ovulation with clomiphene citrate can cause side effects on endometrial receptivity. Formulation with nano-size may be an alternative therapy for women with ovulatory disorders. In this study, we investigated sustained-release clomiphene citrate by using Phosal-based formulation (PBF) and evaluate its decreased side effect on the endometrial receptivity. Methods In the in-vitro study, CC loaded PBF was analyzed using Zetasizer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the in-vivo study, 24 female mice were randomly divided into three groups: CC (5 mg/kg), CC/PBF (5 mg/kg) and SS (1 ml) daily administered and injected with 5 IU HCG and mated after two days. At day 4.5, pregnant mice were euthanized and endometrial tissue was extracted for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis. ResultsThe optimized PBF contained Phosal 50PG/glycerol in a 2:8 ratios (w/w) and the particle size of optimum formulation was 67 ± 0.30551 nm and the release of CC from CC-containing PBF was slightly faster in the first 24 h; wherein, 29% of CC was released, and 76% of CC was released up to 120 h. The mRNA levels of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha (LIFR), HOXA10, Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were significantly upregulated and MUC1 and PGR mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in the CC-containing PBFtreated animals compared with only CC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Sustained release formulation of clomiphene citrate increased its targeting efficiency and improved the impact of the CC on implantation.

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Section: Ovarian Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%