Histological changes induced by Polyglycolic-Acid (PGA) scaffolds seeded with autologous adipose or muscle-derived stem cells when implanted on rabbit bladder

Abstract

The implantation of PGA scaffolds seeded with ADSC and MDSC induced less fibrosis than control and smooth muscle regeneration.

Adipose-derived stem cells-seeded bladder acellular matrix graft-silk fibroin enhances bladder reconstruction in a rat model

“…There are unclear and even inconsistent explanations of the role stem cells play in promoting angiogenesis and smooth muscle regeneration. Zambon et al could not conclude whether Vybrant CMDiI-labelled ASCs, muscle-derived stem cells and α-SMA + smooth muscle cells are of the same origin [16]. However, in our previous study, we only detected cells positive for both CM-DiI and α-SMA, indicating that ASCs differentiated into smooth muscle cells but not CD31 + endothelial cells [15].…”

“…In our previous study, ASCs seeded on bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) in combination with intraperitoneal incubation vanished at 4 weeks post-implantation in a rat model, as determined by histological examination [15]. PGA was reported to be associated with excessive lymphocyte infiltration and slow degradation at 8 weeks [16]. ASCs-seeded tissueengineered prepuce scaffolds only enlarged bladder capacity by approximately 1.3-fold at 90 days, with an unsatisfactory number of CD31 + vessels in a rat model [17].…”

Dynamic reciprocity in cell–scaffold interactions

“…In particular, polyester meshes composed of poly-glycolic acid (PGA), poly–dl–lactide–co– glycolide (PLGA), or their co-polymers have been primarily deployed as cell-seeded constructs for urologic tissue repair [17–22]. In a model of trigone-sparing cystectomy in canines, Atala and colleagues first reported the ability of a PGA mesh coated with poly– dl–lactide–co–glycolide 50:50 (PLGA), seeded with ex vivo expanded, primary smooth muscle and urothelial cells to mediate de novo tissue formation and enhance organ capacity and compliance over unseeded controls [17].…”

“…Indeed, neurogenic bladder cell populations are known to exhibit deficiencies in their proliferative and differentiation potentials [23, 24], which may have ultimately hampered their capacity to participate in constructive remodeling. Recent studies deploying polyester grafts seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in animal models of augmentation cystoplasty have shown improvements in bladder smooth muscle regeneration and attenuation of fibrosis in comparison to unseeded implants [22, 25]. The capacities of MSC to differentiate into functional smooth muscle cells [25, 26], undergo urothelial specification [27, 28], as well as release trophic factors encouraging de novo innervation [29, 30] and angiogenesis [31, 32] implicate them as promising cell sources for increasing regenerative properties of PGA implants in diseased settings.…”

Comparison of morphological and functional restoration between asymmetric bilayer chitosan and bladder acellular matrix graft for bladder augmentation in a rat model

“…11,12 Synthetic polymers such as PGA and PLGA were denoted by its inclination to inammation and brosis, as well as unsatised degradation rate. 13 Naturally derived acellular biomatrices served as conventional scaffolds for tissueengineered bladder augmentation, represented by SIS, amniotic membrane and bladder acellular matrix gra (BAMG). BAMG has been extensively used with good biocompatibility and proved efficacy to support urothelial regeneration.…”