Histological study of human gallbladder

Abstract

<p><strong>Background &amp; objectives</strong><strong>: </strong></p><p> Gallbladder is one of the organs having a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from congenital anomalies, calculi and its complications, non-inflammatory, inflammatory to the neoplastic lesions. Gallstones are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality all over the world affecting 10% of adult population. While Gallbladder cancer is a disease of the elderly; it affects patients in their 70s, with a female to male ratio 5:1. The aim was to study the distribution with respect to age and sex and the usefulness of histological evaluation of gallbladder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong></p><p><strong> </strong>This is a retrospective study of 100 cases of gallbladder lesions during the period of April 2010 to October 2011.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong></p><p>Lesions of gallbladder were more common seen in females with a male to female ratio of 1:2.3. Gallbladder lesions were more commonly found in 4^th &amp; 5^th decades of the patients. Out of 100 cases, Non- neoplastic lesions found in 95 cases (95%) and Neoplastic lesion found in 5 cases (5%) with the ratio being 19:1. The commonest histological observation found was chronic calculous cholecystitis in 46 cases (46%) followed by acute calculous cholecystitis in 9 cases (9%).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong></p><p><strong> </strong>Female in their 4^th decade are common sufferer of Gallbladder diseases. Gallstones and their consequences are the major factors for histomorphological changes of cholecystitis. Histological examination help where adjuvent treatment is depend up on grade, severity &amp; Extent of invasion and also to rule out suspicion about malignancy. </p

Histopathological spectrum of diseases in gall bladder

“…In present study, out of 360 specimens, 24 cases (6.6%) of adenocarcinoma were seen, in which there were 11 cases (48.0%) of poorly differentiated carcinoma, 9 cases (39.0%) of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 3 cases (13.0%) well differentiated adenocarcinoma in 3 cases (13%). Kumbhakar D et al [26] , Mohan H et al [25] and Damor NT et al [4] found incidence of malignant lesions of gall bladder as 1.25%, 1.09% and 2% respectively.…”

“…Sometimes gall bladder diseases produce symptoms and signs to such an extent that removal of gall bladder remains the only treatment [3] . Gallbladder is involved in wide spectrum of diseases ranging from non-neoplastic diseases like congenital anomalies, calculi and its complications, non-inflammatory, inflammatory to the neoplastic lesions [4] . Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis appear to be increasing in incidence over past couple of decades in India and in western world due to increased intake of high fatty and high calorie diet and due to alcohol intake [5] .…”

Thirty-five cases of gallbladder carcinoma out of 4914 cholecystectomy specimens from a Nepalese tertiary care hospital – A retrospective cohort study

“…The reported mortality due to gallbladder carcinoma accounts for 1.7% of all cancer related deaths [ 2 ]. Gallbladder carcinoma is a sinister disease principally affecting the elderly female community in their 70s with male to female ratio of 1:5 [ 3 ]. By and large gallbladder carcinoma is illusive, so clinical diagnosis becomes challenging.…”

Gallbladder Diseases in Rural India with Special Emphasis on Etiology and Risk Factors

“…In UK the prevalence of gallstones at the time of death is estimated to be 17% and may be increasing 1 . The rate is little lower in African and Indian women which is estimated to be 3-5%.…”