Histomorphometry of Human Cortical Bone: Applications to Age Estimation

Robling, Alexander G.; Stout, Sam D.

doi:10.1002/9780470245842.ch5

Cited by 68 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…even in the same bone (Jowsey, 1966;Drusini, 1987;Pfeiffer et al, 1995). It is important to observe as wide an area as possible in histological studies of cortical bone (Robling and Stout, 2000), but limitations in sampling area are inevitable in rare fossil hominids such as Neanderthals. The bone sections of Dederiyeh 1 and modern children were all obtained from the anterior cortex of the femoral midshaft and thus were identical in location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors that affect bone histomorphology are numerous and include mechanical effects, genes, metabolism, hormones, state of health, and pathological lesions (Frost, 1985(Frost, , 1987aRobling and Stout, 2000). Taking into account these factors, let us evaluate some alternative possibilities as an explanation of bone formation in Dederiyeh 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, E. Trinkaus (personal communications) argues that there is indeed no apparent systematic difference in osteon size between Neanderthals, early modern humans, and living modern humans. Osteon size is generally considered not to change with age in modern humans (Jowsey, 1966;Pfeiffer, 1998;Robling and Stout, 2000). The factors that determine osteon size remain unclear (Pfeiffer, 1998(Pfeiffer, , 2000, and further studies are required to elucidate these.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

Sawada

Kondo

Nara

et al. 2004

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To clarify bone formation and growth in Neanderthal children, we prepared a femoral midshaft cross-section of the Dederiyeh 1 Neanderthal child (ca. 2 years old) discovered in Syria, and compared its bone histomorphology with that of modern children aged 0-6 years. Bone histomorphometry was performed with regard to six parameters, i.e. cortical width, percent osteonal bone, osteon population density, non-Haversian canal population density, secondary osteon area, and Haversian canal area. Dederiyeh 1 had thick cortical bone similar to the mean of modern children aged 5-6 years, and advanced secondary bone formation, which was represented by greater percent osteonal bone and osteon population density than in 2-year-old modern children. However, primary bone configuration scarcely differed between Dederiyeh 1 and modern 1-to 2-year-olds. The histomorphology of the Dederiyeh 1 femur can be characterized as a complex of features seen in modern children at different ages, which suggests that cortical bone formation in Dederiyeh 1 was different from that in modern children. A variety of causes, such as mechanical loading, genetic control, and abnormal metabolism, are plausible, but it is not possible to determine which of these factors most affected bone formation in Dederiyeh 1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

Sawada

Kondo

Nara

et al. 2004

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“…This is based on the premise that if an osteonal remodeling event is initiated by the emergence of microdamage, then the activation frequency of these events should be proportional to the rate of fatigue damage in individuals, once normalized for any metabolic and/or hormonal effects (Frost, 1969;Robling and Stout, 2000;Parfitt, 2002). Therefore as microdamage increases, basic multicellular unit activation also increases (Martin et al, 1998), maintaining bone's mechanical competence while extending its fatigue life (Frost, 2003;Martin, 2003a).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

Schlecht

2012

The Anatomical Record

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An enthesis is the interface where tendon meets bone, providing both muscle anchorage and stress dissipation. Previous anthropological research suggests size and complexity of entheses observable in osteological material, are indicative of the strain magnitude resulting from repetitive muscle contractions during the performance of daily routines. These proposed ''musculoskeletal stress markers'' are routinely incorporated into bioarcheological studies as evidence of general activity patterns past human populations participated in. However, much of how this complex osteotendinous interface develops and responds to mechanical strains is poorly understood. The following review seeks to shed light on this structural enigma by synthesizing current findings in both the clinical and anthropological literature, in the interest of generating new conversations in how entheses respond to contractual forces and the systemic influences (i.e., genetics, hormones), that surround their morphological development. Only once we truly understand the etiology of tendon insertion sites, will the value of enthesial research in reconstructing human behavior be determined. Anat Rec, 295:1239Rec, 295: -1251Rec, 295: , 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Keywords: musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM); fibrocartilaginous; tendon anatomy; tendon insertion; bone morphology Anthropologists regularly implement bone remodeling principles in response to mechanical loads to infer a causal relationship between muscle tendon insertions and activity levels. Previous research suggests size and complexity of tendon insertions are indicative of strain magnitude resulting from habitual physical activity (Lane, 1887;Kennedy, 1989;Hawkey and Merbs, 1995;Churchill and Morris, 1998;Hawkey, 1998;Steen and Lane, 1998;Stirland, 1998;Wilczak and Kennedy, 1998;Capasso et al., 1999;Weiss, 2003Weiss, , 2004Weiss, , 2007 alOumaoui et al., 2004;Molnar, 2006;Cardoso and Henderson, 2010;Thara et al., 2010;Havelkova et al., 2011). Using both qualitative and quantitative data to assess the expression of insertion morphology along long bone diaphyses, inferences are frequently made regarding both generalized and specific activities past humans participated in throughout their daily lives. Recognition of this potential relationship between mechanical strain and the osteotendinous interface has led many to refer to tendon insertions sites as musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM). However, more empirical analyses exploring the factors responsible for these proposed MSM are needed before we can confidently begin to assess individual behavior and draw population-based inferences from series of skeletal remains. With this lack of understanding in the etiology of periosteal tendon insertion morphology, particularly in the mechanical and structural relationship between soft and hard tissues, this interface should be referred to by the clinical term, enthesis.

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“…Finalmente, el hueso alcanza su configuración adulta. Sin embargo, debemos mencionar que el estudio de la variación histológica del hueso en la ontogenia es complejo, ya que el resultado final de los procesos de crecimiento, modelado y remodelación parece estar fuertemente influenciado por otros factores tales como el sexo del individuo, la actividad física o las diferentes estructuras histológicas y su proporción dentro del mismo hueso (17).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Aportaciones de la paleohistología humana al estudio de biomateriales

Nacarino-Meneses¹,

Cambra‐Moo²,

Rodríguez³

et al. 2012

Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr.

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El estudio en profundidad del hueso humano arqueológico puede aportar información relevante a la ciencia de los biomateriales, al informar sobre la evolución del proceso de implante de biovidrios o biocerámicas reabsorbibles. En este trabajo, se propone una aproximación, mediante diferentes técnicas de microscopía, espectroscopía y difracción de rayos X, a la variabilidad histológica y mineral del tejido óseo en el transcurso de la ontogenia y así, poder realizar una extrapolación que permita comprender mejor el implante de materiales biodegradables. Respecto a la variabilidad histológica, se han observado diferentes tipos de tejidos en la cortical del hueso en las distintas edades, siendo el hueso fibrolaminar principal en etapas tempranas de la vida, y el hueso secundario o haversiano en etapas adultas. Los análisis de espectroscopía Raman e infrarroja indican un aumento en la cristalinidad de la parte inorgánica del hueso a lo largo del ciclo vital. Por último, el estudio del tejido óseo mediante difracción de rayos X muestra la presencia de β-fosfato de calcio e hidroxiapatito como componentes minerales principales del hueso. Palabras Clave: biomaterial, hueso, hidroxiapatita, Raman, IR, Difracción de rayos X Contributions of human paleohistology to the study of biomaterialsThe deep study of archaeological human bone could provide relevant information to biomaterials science, as it could tell how the implant process of bioglasses and bioresorbable ceramics is. In this paper, we propose to study, by means of different microscopic, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction techniques, the histological and mineral bone variability throughout ontogeny. Extrapolating this data, we could have a better knowledge of biodegradable materials implant. In different ages, we could notice different tissues in cortical bone: fibrolamellar bone is characteristic of early stages of life while secondary or harvesian bone is in adult individuals. Raman and infrared spectroscopy suggest an increase of critallinity in the inorganic matrix during live. Finally, the X-ray diffraction study of bone tissue shows β-calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite as the main mineral bone components. Vol 51, 6, 313-320, Noviembre-diciembre 2012 issN 0366-3175. eissN 2173-0431. doi: 10.3989/cyv.432012 Keywords: biomaterial, bone, hydroxyapatite, Raman, IR, X-ray diffraction. boletín de la sociedad española de Cerámica y Vidrio INTRODUCCIÓNDesde hace algún tiempo se estudian las posibles aplicaciones de determinados materiales en campos como la medicina o la cirugía para su uso en implantes. Un biomaterial puede definirse como aquella sustancia diseñada con una forma específica que, en solitario o como parte de un sistema complejo, puede dirigir un proceso diagnóstico o terapéutico en medicina o veterinaria controlando las interacciones entre el material y el organismo vivo (1). Las biocerámicas y los vidrios bioactivos son, actualmente, los implantes sintéticos más utilizados (2). Generalmente, se entiende por biocerámicas aquellos materiales cerámicos...

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Histomorphometry of Human Cortical Bone: Applications to Age Estimation

Cited by 68 publications

References 77 publications

Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

Bone histomorphology of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal child

Understanding Entheses: Bridging the Gap Between Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

Aportaciones de la paleohistología humana al estudio de biomateriales

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