Histone acetylation and reactive oxygen species are involved in the preprophase arrest induced by sodium butyrate in maize roots

Abstract

Histone acetylation plays a critical role in controlling chromatin structure, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell cycle progression. To study the relationship between histone acetylation and cell cycle progression in plants, sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that can cause a significant increase in histone acetylation in both mammal and plant genomes, was applied to treat maize seedlings. The results showed that NaB had significant inhibition effects on different root zones at the tissue level and caused cell cycle arrest at preprophase in the root meristem zones. This effect was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the total level of acetylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9ac) and acetylated lysine 5 on histone H4 (H4K5ac). The exposure of maize roots in NaB led to a continuous rise of intracellular ROS concentration, accompanied by a higher electrolyte leakage ratio and malondialdehyde (MDA) relative value. The NaB-treated group displayed negative results in both TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and γ-H2AX immunostaining assays. The expression of topoisomerase genes was reduced after treatment with NaB. These results suggested that NaB increased the levels of H3K9ac and H4K5ac and could cause preprophase arrest accompanied with ROS formation leading to the inhibition of DNA topoisomerase.

Chromosomal and Nuclear Alterations in the Root Tip Cells of Vicia faba Induced by Sodium Chloride

“…A relationship was found between the induction of micronuclei and lipid peroxidation under several stress conditions such as Cd treatment (Souguir et al, 2011;Unyayar et al, 2006). However, a recent study made by Zhang et al (2016) indicated that ROS may be the secondary messengers in the preprophase arrest and not members of the DNA damage pathway. This hypothesis was supported by other studies where the generation of ROS did not lead to DNA damage (Green and Fluhr, 1995).…”

The Seed Repair Response during Germination: Disclosing Correlations between DNA Repair, Antioxidant Response, and Chromatin Remodeling in Medicago truncatula

“…The MtTOP2 gene was up-regulated in M. truncatula radicles. Zhang et al ( 2016 ) showed that the HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate causes the block of cell cycle at preprophase in maize root meristems, without affecting DNA integrity. Authors suggest that sodium butyrate might generate ROS acting as signaling molecules that trigger stress adaptation.…”

“…Downregulation of TOP1 and TOP2 genes was also observed in maize root meristems. Zhang et al ( 2016 ) hypothesized that inhibition of topoisomerases might be a critical step in stress adaptation.…”

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Increase the Embryogenic Potential and Alter the Expression of Embryogenesis-Related and HDAC-Encoding Genes in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Mencía)

“…Furthermore, these inhibitors have been shown to partially arrest the progression of germination, thus maintaining the embryogenic potential of Pinus and spruce embryos [30] and increasing the embryogenic response in Brassica gametes [31]. Trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB) are the most widely used histone deacetylase inhibitors in plants [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”