Histone chaperone networks shaping chromatin function

Abstract

The association of histones with specific chaperone complexes is important for their folding, oligomerization, post-translational modification, nuclear import, stability, assembly and genomic localization. In this way, the chaperoning of soluble histones is a key determinant of histone availability and fate, which affects all chromosomal processes, including gene expression, chromosome segregation and genome replication and repair. Here, we review the distinct structural and functional properties of the expanding network of histone chaperones. We emphasize how chaperones cooperate in the histone chaperone network and via co-chaperone complexes to match histone supply with demand, thereby promoting proper nucleosome assembly and maintaining epigenetic information by recycling modified histones evicted from chromatin.

Histone Chaperones Regulate Mammalian Gene Expression

“…Basic fundamental molecule histone chaperones constitutes one of the epigenetic modulator responsible for different extent of epigenetic modifications [1,2,38]. They work in conjunction with histone modifying enzymes, histone modification and in few instances with transcription factors to induce the change occurring within the chromatin.…”

“…Whereas the other phenomenon of DNA repair, centromere deposition, transcriptional regulation and maintenance of heterochromatin dynamics are performed in a replication uncoupled fashion and that include Histone regulation A (HIRA), Anti Silencing Function 1A (ASF1A), Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) among others [2]. Detailed information on the same could be referred from a recent review by Hammond et al [2].…”

“…Along with the canonical histone units of H2A, H2B, H3.1, H3.2 and H4, replacement histone variants have evolved which are essentially regulatory in nature including H3.3, CENP-A, H2A.Z and deposited in a replication-independent manner unlike the canonical ones which are generally deposited in a replication-coupled fashion and are expressed in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Replacement of canonical subunit with the histone variants contributes to the transcriptional regulation of genes [2]. Histone chaperones are responsible for the recruitment of canonical histones and these histone variants at different loci of the genome and further indulge in the regulation of gene expression.…”

“…As mentioned Gene Expression and Regulation in Mammalian Cells -Transcription Toward the Establishment of Novel Therapeuticsearlier replication coupled are the ones associated with deposition of newly synthesized canonical histones into the nucleosome, recycling them throughout the cell cycle and that include Chromatin Assembly Factor 1 (CAF1), Facilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT), Suppressor Of Ty6 (Spt6), among others [2]. Whereas the other phenomenon of DNA repair, centromere deposition, transcriptional regulation and maintenance of heterochromatin dynamics are performed in a replication uncoupled fashion and that include Histone regulation A (HIRA), Anti Silencing Function 1A (ASF1A), Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) among others [2]. Detailed information on the same could be referred from a recent review by Hammond et al [2].…”

Shaping Chromatin in the Nucleus: The Bricks and the Architects

“…2; Hammond et al 2017). As mentioned above, CAF-1 is involved in chromatin assembly in the DSC pathway (Stillman 1986;Smith and Stillman 1989) shown by the presence of CAF-1 in complex with the replicative variant (Tagami et al 2004).…”