Histopathological and biochemical changes on the effect of Cyanophos (Cyanox)— Organophosphorus insecticide on chickens

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of novel nereistoxin derivatives containing phosphonates as insecticidal/AChE inhibitory agents

“…The organic phase was dried with anhydrous MgSO 4 and then concentrated, and nally puried using silica gel column. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1 H, 13 C, 31 P NMR and HRMS. The purity of all compounds is over 95% (see ESI †).…”

“…The endproducts of 5-9 were synthesized via a substitution reaction between intermediates 2a-2e and various substituted S-hydrogen phosphorothioates 4a-4h. The target compounds 5-9 were characterized via 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 31 P NMR and HRMS.…”

“…Eluent was a mixture of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate/methanol in different proportions, and spots were visualized in potassium permanganate chromogenic agent. High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) were obtained with Agilent 1290/6545 UHPLC-QTOF/ MS. With tetramethylsilane as the internal standard, a Bruker 300 spectrometer was used to record 1 H, 13 C and 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra in chloroform (CDCl 3 ) and deuteroxide (D 2 O). Melting points were determined using METTLER TOLEDO MP90 Melting Point System.…”

“…12 Despite their numerous benets, they cause serious reverberations on humans and animals, including organ failure and damage to the nervous system. 13,14 Consequently, researchers are actively exploring innovative strategies to mitigate its major adverse effect on humans. The modication of organophosphorus insecticides aims to retain their efficient insecticidal activity while reducing the environmental impact.…”