Histopathological, Microbiological, and Radiographic Analysis of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Study in Rats' Molars

Abstract

The use of low-level laser as light source did not promote major improvement on radiographic and histological repair, but since the number of inflammatory cells slightly decreased, it may optimize repair by modulating inflammatory process. PDT may be indicated as an adjunct to conventional endodontic therapy for teeth with apical periodontitis, in association with an interappointment dressing with CH, in an attempt to produce better conditions to stimulate repair.

Endodontic treatment of a large periapical cyst with the aid of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy - Case report

“…In this case report, aPDT collaborated in the success of RCT due to its antimicrobial action, which has been proved in other studies [9,18]. The aPDT revealed the success of the RCT in this case, in terms of absence of signs and symptoms, which agree with another case report [18], in which no intracanal medication was used in association of aPDT.…”

“…This doubt and uncertainty in the effectivity of Ca(OH) 2 as intracanal medication, promoted a lot of studies to investigate a complementary techniques that could be used in addition to Ca(OH) 2 , like antimicrobial photodynamic therapy "aPDT", which showed to be effective in association with an interappointment dressing with Ca(OH) 2 , even more it stimulated repair [9]. The aPDT demonstrated antimicrobial effects in various studies using different wavelengths of the low power laser or LEDs, since specific and high absorption by a non-toxic photoactive dye, called a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen promoting the photochemical reaction and production of reactive oxygen specimens (ROS) like hydroxyl, superoxide anion, Triplet Oxygen and Singlet Oxygen [10], which contributes to microorganisms disinfection.…”

Evaluation of effectiveness of photosensitizers used in laser endodontics disinfection: A systematic review

“…22,24,25 Photo-activation using methylene blue may be of value for re-treatment cases using conventional (anterograde) endodontics, or for surgical endodontics, where it could be combined with traditional treatment, to further reduce the bacterial load and enhance the prognosis of the case after treatment. 68 In cases with apical periodontitis, photo-activated disinfection can drive a reduction in inflammatory cell density, 69 indicating its value as an adjunct. 69 Where root canals were treated with photo-activated disinfection and conventional preparation, peri-apical healing is improved over a 6 month period compared to counterparts with conventional preparation alone.…”

“…68 In cases with apical periodontitis, photo-activated disinfection can drive a reduction in inflammatory cell density, 69 indicating its value as an adjunct. 69 Where root canals were treated with photo-activated disinfection and conventional preparation, peri-apical healing is improved over a 6 month period compared to counterparts with conventional preparation alone. 70 It is important to optimize the methylene blue concentration as well as the light exposure parameters.…”

Laserterapia para tratamento de parestesia do Nervo Alveolar Inferior após extrações de terceiros molares inferiores: Revisão de Literatura / Laser therapy for lower alveolar nerve parestesia after lower thir molar extractions: Literature Review

“…As terapias a laser, na Odontologia, vêm ganhando destaque. Estes podem ser classificados de diversas formas, sendo os de alta potência com finalidade cirúrgica, e os de baixa potência com finalidade terapêutica, promovendo reparação tecidual, modulação da inflamação e analgesia [16,17] . comprimento de onda, sincronismo no tempo e no espaço e propagação de forma paralela e em direção única, podendo ser absorvida pelos tecidos biológicos na atividade funcional e metabólica das células com resultados fotoquímico, analgésico, anti-inflamatórios e de bioestimulação [18,19,20] .…”