Histoplanimetrical Study on the Relationship between the Cell Kinetics of Villous Columnar Epithelial Cells and the Proliferation of Indigenous Bacteria in Rat Small Intestine

Qi, Wang-Mei; Yamamoto, Kenkichi; Yokoo, Yuh; Miyata, Hidenori; Inamoto, Tetsurou; Udayanga, Kankanam Gamage Sanath; Kawano, Junichi; Yokoyama, Toshifumi; Hoshi, Nobuhiko; Kitagawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.71.463

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, the replacement of villous columnar epithelial cells is accelerated in germ-free mice and rats which are reared in conventional conditions [1,2]. In addition, our previous study clarified that the lifespan of villous columnar epithelial cells is shorter at sites with good proliferation of indigenous bacteria than at sites with no or less bacterial proliferation in the rat small intestine [35]. Therefore, the present finding that the lifespan of epithelial cells in the apical parts of the mucosal folds of the proximal colon and in the most luminal mucosa of the middle colon was shorter than in the basal parts of the mucosa of proximal colon suggests that the short lifespan might contribute to the expelling of indigenous bacteria which adhere to the apoptotic epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feeding of foods mixed with human feces results in shorter intestinal crypts and villi in germ-free rats [37]. In addition, we clarified that the lifespan of villous columnar epithelial cells is shortened and their migration speed increased at sites with hyperproliferation of indigenous bacteria compared to sites with no or less proliferation [35].…”

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confidence: 83%

“…At these sites, apoptotic epithelial cells are incessantly shed into the intestinal lumen. Therefore, changes in epithelial kinetics effectively regulate the number of adhered indigenous bacteria in the rat small intestine [35].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These indigenous bacteria are maintained in almost constant number under physiological conditions [36]. Intestinal indigenous bacteria are considered to be regulated by various defense factors such as the intrinsic motility of the intestinal wall, the secretion of mucus and bactericidal substances, the elimination of adhered bacteria by epithelial cells themselves and the rapid replacement of epithelial cells [22,24,32,35].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Histoplanimetrical Study on the Relationship between Cellular Kinetics of Epithelial Cells and Proliferation of Indigenous Bacteria in the Rat Colon

Yamamoto

Yokoo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to clarify the regulatory effects of epithelial kinetics on indigenous bacterial proliferation in the large intestine. The lifespan, migration speed and proliferation rate of crypt epithelial cells in the initial 20% of the colon (proximal colon) and the 50% of the colon (middle colon) in bromodeoxyuridine-administrated rats were histoplanimetrically and chronologically compared. The proximal colon possessed well-developed mucosal folds and a large amount of indigenous bacteria which filled the crypt lumen, whereas no folds or bacteria were found to occupy the crypt lumen in the middle colon. The cell lifespans were 32.2, 42.5 and 33.6 hr in the apical and the basal parts of the mucosal folds of the proximal colon, and in the middle colon, respectively. The migration speeds were 4.2, 2.1 and 3.3 m/hr, respectively, while the appearance frequencies of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive crypt epithelial cells were 35.0, 24.6 and 33.8%. These findings suggest that the lifespan was shortened and the migration speed increased in the most luminal mucosa of colon, contributing to the elimination of the adhered bacteria from the most luminal mucosa. By contrast, the elongation of the lifespan and deceleration of the migration of epithelial cells in the basal parts of the mucosal folds might contribute to reliable settlement of indigenous bacteria, resulting in the maintenance of a large amount of indigenous bacteria in the lumen of the proximal colon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 83%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Histoplanimetrical Study on the Relationship between Cellular Kinetics of Epithelial Cells and Proliferation of Indigenous Bacteria in the Rat Colon

Yamamoto

Yokoo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…The lifespan and migration speed of columnar epithelial cells are crucial factors in the regulation of the settlement of indigenous bacteria in the rat small and large intestine. Therefore, the stable settlement of indigenous bacteria is considered to be maintained by the delicate balance of the proliferation rate of indigenous bacteria over the exfoliation rate of effete apoptotic epithelial cells [20,21]. In addition, the indigenous bacteria closely attached to the epithelial cell membranes are eliminated by physical and chemical elimination by epithelial cells themselves [10,11].…”

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Immunohistochemical and Histoplanimetrical Study on the Spatial Relationship between the Settlement of Indigenous Bacteria and the Secretion of Bactericidal Peptides in Rat Alimentary Tract

Yokoo

Miyata

Udayanga

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To clarify the regulatory mechanism by bactericidal peptides secretion, the secretion of bactericidal peptides was immunohistochemically and histoplanimetrically compared with the degree of Gram-positive/negative bacterial colonization throughout the rat alimentary tract. In the associated exocrine glands from the oral cavity to the stomach, no comparable differences were observed under the changes of development of indigenous bacterial colonies. In the small intestine, immunopositive granules for lysozyme and secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) were markedly decreased, whereas immunopositive vacuoles in the Paneth cells were more increased at sites with hyper-development of indigenous bacterial colonies in the intervillous spaces than at sites with no or less development. No changes in exocrine glands were observed in the large intestine because of the constant existence of large quantities of bacteria. Gram-positive bacterial colonies on the mucosal surfaces were dominant from the oral cavity to the stomach. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant in the large intestine, and the distributions of both Gram-positive and negative bacteria were intermediate in the small intestine. These findings suggest that lysozyme and sPLA2 secreted from the Paneth cells contribute to the regulation of the proliferation of indigenous bacteria in the intervillous spaces of the small intestine, and that the inversion of distributions of Grampositive and -negative bacteria in the alimentary tract might be caused by the secretion of lysozyme and sPLA2 in the small intestine.KEY WORDS: alimentary tract, bactericidal peptides, digestive organs, indigenous bacteria, Paneth cells.

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Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study on the Lamina Propria Cells Beneath Paneth Cells in the Rat Ileum

Mantani

Nishida

Yamamoto

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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Paneth cells secrete bactericidal substances in response to bacterial proliferation on the mucosal surface without directly contacting bacteria. However, the induction mechanism of this transient secretion has not been clarified, although nervous system and/or immunocompetent cells in the lamina propria (LP) might be involved. In this study, we ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically investigated which LP cells are localized beneath Paneth cells and examined the relationship between the Paneth cell-derived cellular processes which extended into the LP and the LP cells. The results showed that various cells-including blood capillary, subepithelial stromal cell, and nerve fiber-were present in the LP beneath Paneth cells. Endothelial cells of blood capillary were the cells most frequently found in this location; they were situated within 1 μm of the Paneth cells and possessed fenestration on the surfaces adjacent to Paneth cells. The Paneth cells rarely extended the cellular processes toward the LP across the basal lamina. Most of the cellular processes of Paneth cells contacted the subepithelial stromal cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the CD34 CD31 αSMA stromal cells preferentially localized in the LP beneath the intestinal crypt base, while PDGFRα αSMA stromal cells mainly localized around the lateral portions of the intestinal crypt and PDGFRα αSMA stromal cells localized in the intestinal villus. From these findings, the existence of blood capillaries beneath Paneth cells might reflect the active exocrine function of Paneth cells. Furthermore, subepithelial stromal cells, probably with a CD34 CD31 αSMA PDGFRα phenotype, beneath the crypt base might affect Paneth cell activity by interacting with their cellular processes. Anat Rec, 301:1074-1085, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Histoplanimetrical Study on the Relationship between the Cell Kinetics of Villous Columnar Epithelial Cells and the Proliferation of Indigenous Bacteria in Rat Small Intestine

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Histoplanimetrical Study on the Relationship between Cellular Kinetics of Epithelial Cells and Proliferation of Indigenous Bacteria in the Rat Colon

Histoplanimetrical Study on the Relationship between Cellular Kinetics of Epithelial Cells and Proliferation of Indigenous Bacteria in the Rat Colon

Immunohistochemical and Histoplanimetrical Study on the Spatial Relationship between the Settlement of Indigenous Bacteria and the Secretion of Bactericidal Peptides in Rat Alimentary Tract

Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study on the Lamina Propria Cells Beneath Paneth Cells in the Rat Ileum

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