Historic hybridization and introgression between two iconic Australian anemonefish and contemporary patterns of population connectivity

Meer, Martin H. van der; Jones, Geoffrey P.; Hobbs, Jean‐Paul A.; Herwerden, Lynne van

doi:10.1002/ece3.251

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The four most commonly used phylogenetic analyses were performed on the aligned mtDNA (D Loop) sequence data as described in [51], [52] and we assigned well supported distinct phylogenetic lineages as management units (MU) [55]. A MU is a population that lacks reciprocal monophyly for mtDNA haplotypes, yet has divergent haplotype frequencies [55], as found here.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 52%

Genetic Connectivity among and Self-Replenishment within Island Populations of a Restricted Range Subtropical Reef Fish

et al. 2012

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being advocated and implemented to protect biodiversity on coral reefs. Networks of appropriately sized and spaced reserves can capture a high proportion of species diversity, with gene flow among reserves presumed to promote long term resilience of populations to spatially variable threats. However, numerically rare small range species distributed among isolated locations appear to be at particular risk of extinction and the likely benefits of MPA networks are uncertain. Here we use mitochondrial and microsatellite data to infer evolutionary and contemporary gene flow among isolated locations as well as levels of self-replenishment within locations of the endemic anemonefish Amphiprion mccullochi, restricted to three MPA offshore reefs in subtropical East Australia. We infer high levels of gene flow and genetic diversity among locations over evolutionary time, but limited contemporary gene flow amongst locations and high levels of self-replenishment (68 to 84%) within locations over contemporary time. While long distance dispersal explained the species’ integrity in the past, high levels of self-replenishment suggest locations are predominantly maintained by local replenishment. Should local extinction occur, contemporary rescue effects through large scale connectivity are unlikely. For isolated islands with large numbers of endemic species, and high local replenishment, there is a high premium on local species-specific management actions.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 52%

Genetic Connectivity among and Self-Replenishment within Island Populations of a Restricted Range Subtropical Reef Fish

et al. 2012

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“…Previous research on another endemic species in this system, the McCulloch's anemonefish ( Amphiprion mccullochi ), revealed limited contemporary gene flow between ER, MR, and LHI (van der Meer et al 2012a,b). However, anemonefish have the shortest pelagic larval duration (PLD) of reef fishes (11–17 days: Victor 1986; Thresher et al 1989; Wellington and Victor 1989; Victor and Wellington 2000) and their self-recruitment to natal areas has been well documented (Jones et al 2005; Planes et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This resulted in a comprehensive understanding of gene flow in this study system and together these tools provided a comprehensive view of dispersal (Leis et al 2011). However, due to the large number of analyses, we present only methods related to this study below, whilst general Materials and Methods (i.e., genetic and laboratory techniques and, in-depth mt and msatDNA analyses) are presented in van der Meer et al (2012a,b,c). Fin clip sample sizes ranged from 21 to 31: MR ( n = 30), ER ( n = 31), LHI ( n = 26), and NI ( n = 21).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…jModeltest (Posada 2008) identified an TrN + G model under Akaike Information Criterion with gamma = 0.759. The three most commonly used phylogenetic analyses: Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP), and Bayesian Inference (Mr Bayes – MB and BEAST) were performed on the aligned mtDNA sequence data as described in van der Meer et al (2012a,b). This was done to identify any underlying evolutionary partitions in the data, based on the use of rigorous analytical tools.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limited contemporary gene flow and high self‐replenishment drives peripheral isolation in an endemic coral reef fish

Meer

Horne

Gardner

et al. 2013

Ecology and Evolution

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Extensive ongoing degradation of coral reef habitats worldwide has lead to declines in abundance of coral reef fishes and local extinction of some species. Those most vulnerable are ecological specialists and endemic species. Determining connectivity between locations is vital to understanding recovery and long-term persistence of these species following local extinction. This study explored population connectivity in the ecologically-specialized endemic three-striped butterflyfish (Chaetodon tricinctus) using mt and msatDNA (nuclear microsatellites) to distinguish evolutionary versus contemporary gene flow, estimate self-replenishment and measure genetic diversity among locations at the remote Australian offshore coral reefs of Middleton Reef (MR), Elizabeth Reef (ER), Lord Howe Island (LHI), and Norfolk Island (NI). Mt and msatDNA suggested genetic differentiation of the most peripheral location (NI) from the remaining three locations (MR, ER, LHI). Despite high levels of mtDNA gene flow, there is limited msatDNA gene flow with evidence of high levels of self-replenishment (≥76%) at all four locations. Taken together, this suggests prolonged population recovery times following population declines. The peripheral population (NI) is most vulnerable to local extinction due to its relative isolation, extreme levels of self-replenishment (95%), and low contemporary abundance.

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“…Subtropical reef transitional communities are characterized by a biogeographical overlap of tropical and temperate species at the limits of their range, subtropical species that tend to be rare or absent at lower latitudes (such as the coral Acropora solitaryensis Veron and Wallace, 1984 with southern and northern antitropical populations), and some endemic species with narrow geographic ranges (Harriott & Banks, 1995). Endemism is known to occur at several isolated islands (such as Lord Howe Island, Galapagos Islands, St Helena) with little potential for these taxa to migrate elsewhere and has mostly been reported for fishes (Francis et al, 1999;Edgar et al, 2010;van der Meer et al, 2012a), scleractinian corals (Schmidt-Roach et al, 2013) and zooxanthellate coral symbionts (Wicks et al, 2010b). In most taxa, species turnover, especially of tropically affiliated species, may be high, reflecting variable larval supply and recruitment, and periodic high variability in physicochemical conditions (Wallace et al, 2009;Harrison et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Community Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving potential coral reef refuges at high latitudes

Beger

Sommer

Harrison

et al. 2013

Diversity and Distributions

170

149

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Aim High-latitude coral reef communities composed of tropical, subtropical and temperate species are heralded as climate change refuges for vulnerable tropical coral reef species, giving them high, but as yet unrealized, conservation priority. We review the ecology of subtropical reefs in the context of climate change and evaluate management strategies ensuring both their own continuity and their potential to act as refuges for tropical species.Location Global high-latitude coral reef environments.Methods We review the literature about refuges management, high-latitude reefs, climate change effects on reef organisms and the conservation of reefs.Results High-latitude coral reef systems are functionally different from their tropical counterparts, characterized by unique biogeographical overlap of taxa at their range margins, endemic species and strong seasonality in species composition. They are shaped by marginal environmental conditions, which are predicted to undergo greater changes than reefs at lower latitudes, resulting in community re-assembly through range shifts, altered dispersal patterns, survivorship and habitat loss. The combined impact of these changes, however, is difficult to assess, as some effects may be antagonistic. Climate change conservation options include passive management strategies such as no-take reserves that aim to minimize local disturbances, and active strategies such as relocating populations to refuge sites. Success of active intervention relies on the long-term persistence of relocated populations, which is unlikely for highlatitude populations once source tropical populations at lower latitudes are locally extinct.Main conclusion High-latitude reefs are poised for rapid modification under climate change. Management should anticipate these changes by setting up no-take reserves on suitable subtropical reefs now to foster ecosystem resilience through reduced anthropogenic impacts. Given the uncertainty over which species will arrive or depart and lack of knowledge about the history of most subtropical reef development, active management is presently not the best use of management resources.

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Historic hybridization and introgression between two iconic Australian anemonefish and contemporary patterns of population connectivity

Cited by 25 publications

References 74 publications

Genetic Connectivity among and Self-Replenishment within Island Populations of a Restricted Range Subtropical Reef Fish

Genetic Connectivity among and Self-Replenishment within Island Populations of a Restricted Range Subtropical Reef Fish

Limited contemporary gene flow and high self‐replenishment drives peripheral isolation in an endemic coral reef fish

Conserving potential coral reef refuges at high latitudes

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