Historical impacts on linear habitats: The present distribution of grassland species in forest-edge vegetation

Koyanagi, Tomoyo F.; Kusumoto, Yoshinobu; Yamamoto, Shori; Okubo, Seisuke; Takeuchi, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.002

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…These five spatial scales were chosen to include the range at which the surrounding habitats might show relationships with the present grassland species distributions (see Koyanagi et al 2009). We calculated the proportions of grassland and woodland cells surrounding the central cell that contained the sampling site within the five different spatial scales (i.e., 3 9 3, 5 9 5, 7 9 7, 11 9 11, and 15 9 15 grid cells) at each time period, and tested them as variables to explain the present distribution of grassland species at each site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two main types of semi-natural habitats for grassland species had been maintained by the traditional agricultural system; open semi-natural upland grassland and open secondary woodlands which consist mainly of Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, and Pinus densiflora (Kamata and Nakagoshi 1990;Koyanagi et al 2009). The seminatural grassland was burned in early spring and mown in summer (between the end of July and the beginning of October), and the practices were repeated almost every other year (Sprague et al 2000).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We examined whether the present distributions of PFGs of grassland plant species in the edge vegetation of remnant woodlands established in former semi-natural grasslands areas are related to the past surrounding landscapes at different time periods and at different spatial scales. A previous study conducted in the same study area has already revealed that the impacts of past surrounding landscapes on the present distribution of grassland species could be recognized even in the linear vegetation of woodland edge, and detected existence of an extinction debt in the landscape (Koyanagi et al 2009). Through the analyses, we aimed to reveal the PFGbased differences in species' persistence and estimate the differences in underlying processes building an extinction debt among the PFGs in the fragmented landscape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…2). The details of the data sources and data creation procedures are provided in Koyanagi et al (2009). Among the eight different land-use categories (i.e., paddy field, cropland, grassland, woodland, urban landuse, other landuse, and open water), we used grassland and woodland as the potentially suitable habitats for grassland species (Koyanagi et al 2009).…”

Section: Land-use Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grassland plant functional groups exhibit distinct time-lags in response to historical landscape change

et al. 2011

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Recent studies have shown significant impacts of past landscapes on present distributions of species, and discussed the existence of an extinction debt. Understanding of the processes building an extinction debt is fundamentally important for explaining present and future diversity patterns of species in fragmented landscapes. Few empirical studies, however, have examined the responses of different plant functional groups (PFGs) to historical landscape changes. We aimed to reveal PFG-based differences in species' persistence by focusing on their vegetative, reproductive, and dispersal traits. We examined whether the present distributions of PFGs of grassland species in the edges of remnant woodlands established on former semi-natural grasslands are related to the past surrounding landscapes at different time periods and spatial scales. The effects of past landscapes varied significantly among the PFGs. Richness of short, early flowering forbs and tall, late-flowering, wind-dispersed forbs showed significant positive relationships with the surrounding habitat proportions more than 50 years ago (the 1950s) and at wide spatial scales (more than 1 km 2 ). Richness of tall, late-flowering forbs with unassisted and other types of dispersal mechanisms showed positive relationships with the surrounding habitat proportions in recent times (the 1970s) and at smaller spatial scales (0.25 km 2 ). Our results suggested that plant growth form, flowering season and dispersal ability-with additional information on seed bank persistence-can be good indicators for identifying species' specific sensitivity to surrounding habitat loss. Trait-based approaches can be useful for understanding present and future distributions of grassland species with different persistence strategies in human-modified landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Land-use Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grassland plant functional groups exhibit distinct time-lags in response to historical landscape change

et al. 2011

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“…This development has been reflected by increasing amount of data on species richness in grey literature such as reports commissioned by roadside managers. The change of priorities is probably due at least partly to awareness of the current global decline of grasslands [48,49] and the potential for providing similar habitats by appropriately managed roadsides [50,51].…”

Section: Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How are biodiversity and dispersal of species affected by the management of roadsides? A systematic map

et al. 2017

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Background: In many parts of the world, roadsides are regularly managed for traffic-safety reasons. Hence, there are similarities between roadsides and certain other managed habitats, such as wooded pastures and mown or grazed grasslands. These habitats have declined rapidly in Europe during the last century. For many species historically associated with them, roadsides may function as new primary habitats or as dispersal corridors in fragmented landscapes. Current recommendations for roadside management to promote conservation values are largely based on studies of plants in semi-natural grasslands, although such areas often differ from roadsides in terms of environmental conditions and disturbance regimes. Moreover, roadsides provide habitat not only for plants but also for many insects. For these reasons, stakeholders in Sweden have emphasised the need for more targeted management recommendations, based on actual studies of roadside biodiversity. Methods:This systematic map provides an overview of the available evidence on how biodiversity is affected by various forms of roadside management, and how such management influences the dispersal of species along roads or roadsides. We searched for literature using 13 online publication databases, 4 search engines, 36 specialist websites and 5 literature reviews. Search terms were developed in English, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Norwegian, Spanish and Swedish. Identified articles were screened for relevance using criteria set out in a protocol. No geographical restrictions were applied, and all species and groups of organisms were considered. Descriptions of included studies are available in an Excel file, and also in an interactive GIS application that can be accessed at an external website.Results: Our searches identified more than 7000 articles. The 207 articles included after screening described 301 individual studies considered to be relevant. More than two-thirds of these studies were conducted in North America, with most of the rest performed in Europe. More than half of the studies were published in grey literature such as reports from agencies or consultants. The interventions most commonly studied were herbicide use, sowing and mowing, followed by soil amendments such as mulching and fertiliser additions. The outcomes most frequently reported were effects of interventions on the abundance or species richness of herbs/forbs, graminoids and woody plants. Effects on insects and birds were reported in 6 and 3% of the studies, respectively. Conclusions:This systematic map is based on a comprehensive and systematic screening of all available literature on the effects of roadside management on biodiversity and dispersal of species. As such it should be of value to a range of actors, including managers and policymakers. The map provides a key to finding concrete guidance for conservation-and restoration-oriented roadside management from published research. However, the map also highlights important knowledge gaps: little data was found for some geograp...

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Roadside diversity in relation to age and surrounding source habitat: evidence for long time lags in valuable green infrastructure

Auffret

Lindgren

2020

Ecol Sol and Evidence

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1. The severe and ongoing decline in semi‐natural grassland habitat during the past two centuries means that it is important to consider how other, marginal grassland habitat elements can contribute to landscape‐level biodiversity, and under what circumstances. 2. To examine how habitat age and the amount of core grassland habitat in the surrounding landscape affect diversity in green infrastructure, we carried out inventories of 36 rural road verges that were either historical (pre‐1901) or modern (established post‐1901 and before 1975), and were surrounded by relatively high (>15%) or low (<5%) levels of grassland habitat. We recorded the number of plant species, grassland specialists, grassland conservation species and the fraction of the landscape's species and specialists found in the road verge. 3. Road verge communities were characterised by high levels of grassland specialist species (35% of the 161 species recorded), with road verge sites supporting 15–20% of the specialist species found in the surrounding 25 km2 landscape. 4. Richness of species and specialists were more closely related to road age than to the amount of surrounding habitat. Higher diversity in historical roads, despite the majority of modern roads being at least 60 years old, suggests a long time lag in the establishment of grassland communities in marginal grassland habitats. We identified no effect of historical surrounding land use on present day diversity in road verges. 5. Road verge richness was not affected by the amount of surrounding grassland. This could be due to the relatively low amounts of grassland remaining in all landscapes, together with dispersal limitation commonly found in grassland plant communities contributing to a potential time lag. 6. We identified road verges as potentially very important habitats for grassland communities. Because of the high levels of grassland specialists present, these and other marginal grasslands and grassland green infrastructure should be explicitly considered in landscape‐scale conservation management. Practitioners looking to identify the most species‐rich road verges should aim to find the oldest possible, while long time lags in community assembly suggests that seed sowing could be appropriate to enhance roadside diversity, even in decades‐old road verges.

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Historical impacts on linear habitats: The present distribution of grassland species in forest-edge vegetation

Cited by 36 publications

References 39 publications

Grassland plant functional groups exhibit distinct time-lags in response to historical landscape change

Grassland plant functional groups exhibit distinct time-lags in response to historical landscape change

How are biodiversity and dispersal of species affected by the management of roadsides? A systematic map

Roadside diversity in relation to age and surrounding source habitat: evidence for long time lags in valuable green infrastructure

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