Historical Trends in Human Serum Levels of Perfluorooctanoate and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Shenyang, China

Jin, Yinlong; Saito, Norimitsu; Harada, Kouji H.; Inoue, Kazuhiro; Koizumi, Akio

doi:10.1620/tjem.212.63

Cited by 113 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[40] Serum samples collected from Chinese people in Shenyang in the years 1987, 1990, 1999 and 2002 showed extremely low PFC levels of o1 mg L À1 in 1987 and 1990 (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Levels and Trends In Humansmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[44] In Australia two studies included PFCs in human blood. The first one was done in the years 2002-03 with pooled serum 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 1 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 [39] ) and estimated total global POSF production volumes, data adapted from Paul et al [1] Temporal trends of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS in serum (whole blood concentrations multiplied by a factor of 2) of Chinese adults from Shenyang, data adapted from references that are cited following the data (values 1987: male þ female, n ¼ 15 [40] ; values 1990: male þ female, n ¼ 33 [40] ; values 1999: male, 34.5 mean age, n ¼ 36 [40] ; values 2002: male, 28.5 mean age, n ¼ 36 [40] ; values 2004: male, 21-46 mean age, n ¼ 6 [41] ; values 2008: male, 40-45 mean age, n ¼ 5 [42] ). [45] and Toms et al [46] ).…”

Section: Levels and Trends In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans

Sturm

Ahrens

2010

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Polyfluoroalkyl compounds are used in a variety of industrial and consumer applications, including polymer production and for surface treatment of textiles and paper. Research over the last 10 years has shown that these compounds are ubiquitous environmental contaminants -they are extremely persistent, show toxic effects and accumulate in the food chain. We evaluate global, temporal and spatial trends of these important emerging contaminants.Abstract. This review gives an overview of existing knowledge of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in humans and in marine biota. Temporal trends and spatial distribution of PFCs were globally compared in humans, marine mammals, seabirds and fish. In general, PFC concentrations in the environment have increased significantly from the beginning of the production up to the 1990s. After the phase-out of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) production starting in 2000, PFC concentrations in humans generally decreased. In marine biota no clear temporal trends were observed. The temporal trends depended on the species, their trophic levels and the geographical locations. PFC patterns in humans and in marine wildlife species were compared regarding perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), their shorter and longer chain homologues (C 4 -C 15 ) and precursor compounds. Finally knowledge gaps were identified and recommendations for future work were presented.

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“…[40] Serum samples collected from Chinese people in Shenyang in the years 1987, 1990, 1999 and 2002 showed extremely low PFC levels of o1 mg L À1 in 1987 and 1990 (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Levels and Trends In Humansmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Levels and Trends In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds in marine biota and in humans

Sturm

Ahrens

2010

Environ. Chem.

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“…The potassium salt of PFOS, potassium salts of perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), N-ethylperfluorooctanesulofonamidoacetic acid (NEtFOSAA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), 10 : 2 fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylic acid (10 : 2 FTUCA), perfluorodecanesulfinate (PFDSi), 13 [20,21] The cartridge was pre-conditioned by passing a sequence of 4 mL of 0.1% ammonia/methanol, 4 mL of methanol and 4 mL of Milli-Q water. The water samples (250 mL) were passed through the wet cartridge at the rate of 1-2 drops s À1 .…”

Section: Reagent and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11] Previous investigations showed that the PFOS concentrations (142 ng mL À1 for males and 170 ng mL À1 for females) in the blood serum of non-working people in the Shenyang area were significantly higher than the mean concentration of 52.7 ng mL À1 in China. [13,14] PFOA and PFOS were detected in tap water in Shenyang and river waters of the Hun River in Shenyang section. [10] Further studies on the above-mentioned 'hot spots' (Shenyang area and the Shanghai section of the Yangtze River) of PFC pollution are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential exposure of perfluorinated compounds to Chinese in Shenyang and Yangtze River Delta areas

Yang²,

Taniyasu

et al. 2011

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. A total of 21 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) including PFOS were quantified in river waters, sewage, sea waters, shallow ground waters as well as fish and domestic poultry, focussed on the main river basins in Shenyang and the Yangtze River Delta areas, China. The distribution characteristics of PFCs in the aquatic environment and evaluation of the potential risk for human health via the diet of fish was discussed. Comprehensive research was carried out using the world leading knowledge about PFOS-related chemicals in AIST, Japan to enable reliable evaluation of PFOS risk in Chinese environments, supported by ISO25101.Abstract. A total of 21 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were quantified in water and biota samples collected from Shenyang in North-east China and the Yangtze River Delta area in East China. The human health risk owing to intake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) via fish and domestic poultry dietary was evaluated. The total PFC concentration ( P PFC) in water samples from the rivers in Shenyang averaged 5.32 ng L À1 , with PFOS and PFOA as the predominant compounds. The urban sewage could be the source of PFOS and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) in the surface waters. The total PFCs in water samples from the Yangtze River Delta area ranged from 42.4 to 170 ng L À1 . The highest concentrations of most PFCs were observed in waters from the Shanghai section of the Yangtze River. In the biota samples, PFOS and PFUnDA (perfluoroundecanoic acid) were the most abundant. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) and hazard ratio (HR) values for PFOS and PFOA intake through the diet of fish and poultry in the studied areas were calculated, and showed that the HR values for PFOS and PFOA are all less than 1.0 for both the areas.

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“…Per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are persistent against the typical environmental degradation processes and have been found ubiquitously in water (Saito et al, 2003;Schultz et al, 2004;So et al, 2004;Yamashita et al, 2005;Ahrens et al, 2010a,b;Busch et al, 2010), air (Martin et al, 2002;Stock et al, 2004Stock et al, , 2007Jahnke et al, 2007), sediment (Bao et al, 2009(Bao et al, , 2010Gómez et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011), sludge (Higgins et al, 2005), precipitation , wildlife (Giesy and Kannan, 2001;Li et al, 2008a,b) and humans (Yeung et al, 2006(Yeung et al, , 2008Jin et al, 2007) around the globe. Because of their chemical characteristics, including extraordinary stability, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity and surfactant characteristics, many PFCs have been broadly applied to industrial and domestic production in the past half-century (OECD, 2002;Prevedouros et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%