Hit HIV-1 hard, but only when necessary

Harrington, Mark; Carpenter, Charles C. J.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02388-6

Cited by 105 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Blood samples of 5 ml were collected in heparinized hard plastic tubes at the following time points: predose and at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3,4,5,6,8,10,12,16,20, and 24 h after drug intake on days 10 and 20, and at 9 h postdose on days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 17. Blood samples were centrifuged at 2500 ¥ g for 10 min at 4 ∞ C. Plasma was stored at -18 ∞ C within 2 h after collection.…”

Section: Blood Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can still be improved, as efficacy is not 100%. Major concerns in treatment with HAART are the occurrence of adverse events [3], failure of compliance [4] and development of viral resistance [3]. To improve the treatment of HIV-infected persons these problems need to be overcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of efavirenz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir boosted by ritonavir in healthy volunteers

Porte

Graaff-Teulen

Colbers³

et al. 2004

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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AimsA once-daily (q.d.) nucleoside-sparing regimen can prevent mitochondrial toxicity, overcome viral resistance and improve compliance. In the present study the effect of efavirenz on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of once-daily nelfinavir/ritonavir was evaluated in healthy subjects. MethodsThis was a multiple-dose, open-label, single-group, two-period study in 24 healthy subjects. Each received from days 1-10 (period 1): 1875 mg nelfinavir plus 200 mg ritonavir q.d. with a 300-kcal snack. During days 11-20 (period 2) efavirenz 600 mg q.d. was added to the regimen. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after dosing on days 10 (period 1) and 20 (period 2). High-performance liquid chromatography methods were used for the determination of the concentrations of all compounds. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompar tmental methods. ResultsAll subjects completed the study. After the first period mean nelfinavir AUC 0 -24 h , C max and C 24 were 49.6 mg h -1 l -1 , 5.0 mg l -1 and 0.37 mg l -1 , and the sum of nelfinavir plus its active metabolite M8 C 24 was 0.83 mg l -1 . The relative bioavailability, expressed as a geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) for nelfinavir AUC 0 -24 h , C max and C 24 of period 2 compared with period 1 was: 1.30 (1.21, 1.40), 1.29 (1.19, 1.40) and 1.48 (1.32, 1.66). The sum of nelfinavir and M8 C 24 in period 2 was 0.99 mg l -1 , an increase of 19%. No serious adverse events occurred. ConclusionsThe studied regimens were well tolerated. Nelfinavir/ritonavir given together with efavirenz resulted in a 48% higher mean C 24 concentration for nelfinavir, and the sum of nelfinavir and M8 C 24 concentrations was 0.99 mg l -1 . Efavirenz exposure in this study was similar to that reported previously, and therefore can be used effectively in combination with ritonavir and nelfinavir.

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Section: Blood Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of efavirenz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir boosted by ritonavir in healthy volunteers

Porte

Graaff-Teulen

Colbers³

et al. 2004

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…Although, a lot of progress has been made in the recent times, the accessibility and affordability of anti-retroviral medications in middle and low-income countries with high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS infections are still knotty issues (UNAIDS, 2012) and heavily depend on the benevolence of international donor agencies. Although, the adoption of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen has been largely successful in reducing viral load, increasing quality of life (QoL) and life expectancy and in decreasing HIV-related complications; this has however come at a high price (Harrington and Carpenter, 2000). HIV rapidly evolves resistance to these antiretroviral agents, unless taken precisely on schedule; even short lapses in taking the pills can lead to resistance (Richman, 2004;Cane, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. showing inhibitory activity against early steps in the infectivity of HIV-1 lentiviral particles in a viral vector-based screening

Nworu¹,

C²,

Okoye³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…2 Despite these findings, long-term therapy does not lead to eradication of HIV-1 infection, 3 and continues to be associated with substantial toxicity, 4 adherence difficulties, 5 and drug resistance. 6 Several studies have shown that therapy interruption among patients with controlled viremia and high CD4 þ lymphocyte count may be safe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Maternal AIDS-Defining Events, Non-AIDS–Defining Events, and Mortality Among a Cohort of HIV-1–Infected Women in the United States

Melekhin

Shepherd

Jenkins

et al. 2010

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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This retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected women receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) while pregnant assessed the effect of postpartum HAART discontinuation on maternal AIDS-defining events (ADEs), non-AIDS-defining events (non-ADEs), and death 1997-2008 in Nashville, Tennessee. Cox proportional hazards models compared rates of ADE or all-cause death and non-ADE or all-cause death, and competing risks analyses compared rates of ADE or ADE-related death and non-ADE or non-ADE-related death across the groups. There were two groups: women who stopped HAART postpartum (discontinuation, n ¼ 54) and women who continued HAART postpartum (continuation, n ¼ 69). Fifty percent were African American, 40% had prior non-HAART antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and 38% had a history of illicit drug use. Median age was 27.5 years, baseline CD4(%) was 532 (34%) and CD4 nadir was 332 cells=mm 3 , baseline and peak HIV-1 RNA were 2.6 and 4.32 log 10 copies per milliliter, respectively. Women in the continuation group were older, had lower baseline CD4, CD4%, and CD4 nadir, and had higher peak HIV-1 RNA. In multivariable proportional hazards models, the hazard ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] of ADE or all-cause death and non-ADE or all-cause death were lower in the continuation group, but not statistically significantly: 0.50 (0.12, 2.12; p ¼ 0.35) and 0.69 (0.24, 1.95; p ¼ 0.48), respectively. The results were similar in competing risks analyses. Despite having characteristics associated with worse prognosis, women who continued HAART postpartum had lower hazard ratio point estimates for ADEs or death and non-ADEs or death than women who discontinued HAART. Larger studies with longer follow-up are indicated to assess this association.

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Hit HIV-1 hard, but only when necessary

Cited by 105 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of efavirenz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir boosted by ritonavir in healthy volunteers

Effect of efavirenz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir boosted by ritonavir in healthy volunteers

Extracts of Moringa oleifera Lam. showing inhibitory activity against early steps in the infectivity of HIV-1 lentiviral particles in a viral vector-based screening

Postpartum Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Risk of Maternal AIDS-Defining Events, Non-AIDS–Defining Events, and Mortality Among a Cohort of HIV-1–Infected Women in the United States

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