HIV-1 subtype C in China

Luo, Chi‐Cheng; Tian, Chunqiao; Hu, DaleJ.; Kai, Masaya; Dondero, Timothy J.; Xu, Zheng

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90792-0

Cited by 108 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…5,6 In the mid-1990s, subtype C strains presumably introduced from India were also identified in IDUs from this region. 7,8 Cocirculation of subtypes B' and C in the same places and risk populations enables the generation of recombinants. Many B¢C recombinants were identified in the following years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a Novel HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF65_cpx) Composed of CRF01_AE and Subtypes B and C in Western Yunnan, China

Feng

Wei

Hsi

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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confidence: 99%

“…5,7,[21][22][23][24] From the earliest epidemic of subtype B in 1989, subtype C, CRF07_BC, and CRF08_BC appeared here one after another. 11,12 In more recent decades, CRF01_AE has seen widespread transmission nationally, 25 and recombinants containing CRF01_AE segments have been reported in different regions and populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Novel HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF65_cpx) Composed of CRF01_AE and Subtypes B and C in Western Yunnan, China

Feng

Wei

Hsi

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…The most studied form of HIV-1 is subtype B, which circulates predominantly in the North and South Americas, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan (3,4). The most prevalent HIV-1 subtype in the global epidemic, however, is subtype C, which is particularly dominant in Ethiopia (5), South Africa (6), Tanzania (7), China (8,9), and India (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a major restriction in HIV-1 intersubtype recombination

Chin

Rhodes

Chen

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Genetic recombination increases diversity in HIV-1 populations, thereby allowing variants to escape from host immunity or antiviral therapies. In addition to the currently described nine subtypes of HIV-1, many of the circulating strains are intersubtype recombinants. In this study, we determined the recombination rate between two HIV-1 subtype C viruses and between a subtype B virus and a subtype C virus during a single round of virus replication. Although HIV-1 subtype C recombines at a high rate, similar to that of HIV-1 subtype B, the recombination rate between a subtype B virus and a subtype C virus is much lower than the intrasubtype recombination rate. A 3-nt sequence difference in the dimerization initiation signal (DIS) region between HIV-1 subtypes B and C accounts for most of the reduction of intersubtype recombination. By matching the DIS sequences, the B͞C intersubtype recombination rate was elevated 4-fold; by introducing mismatches in the 3-nt sequences, the B͞B intrasubtype recombination rate was reduced 4-fold. Further analyses showed that the intermolecular template-switching frequency was unaffected by the sequence identity of the DIS region. These results support the hypothesis that mismatched sequences in the DIS region alter the formation of heterozygous virions, thereby lowering the observable recombination rate. Here, we present the discovery of a major restriction in HIV-1 intersubtype recombination. These results have important implications for virus evolution, the mechanism of HIV-1 RNA packaging, high negative interference in recombination, and the generation of circulating intersubtype recombinants within the infected population.subtype ͉ RNA dimerization

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“…Since the first reports of HIV-1 infection in 1989, multiple viral genotypes have been detected in Yunnan. In 1990, subtype B strains were found in 90% of IDU, but this subtype was gradually replaced by subtypes BЈ, C, and E (now called circulating recombinant form 01 [CRF01]) (6,9,10,16,17,31). By 1996, multiple genotypes coexisted in this population, providing an ideal scenario for HIV-1 to recombine (6,9,10,16,17,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus in Paid Blood Donors and Injection Drug Users in China

Zhang

Chen

Cao

et al. 2004

J Virol

121

117

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China is facing a rapid upsurge in cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection due to large numbers of paid blood donors (PBD), injection drug users (IDU), and sexual partners of infected individuals. In this report, a total of 236 HIV-1-positive blood samples were collected from PBD, IDU, and their sexual partners in the most severely affected provinces, such as Henan, Yunnan, Guangxi, and Xinjiang. PCR was used to amplify the p17 region of gag and the C2-V3 region of env of HIV-1 and the 5 noncoding region and a region of E1/E2 of HCV. Genetic characterization of viral sequences indicated that there are two major epidemics of HIV-1 and multiple HCV epidemics in China. The PBD and transfusion recipients in Henan harbored HIV-1 subtype B, which is similar to the virus found in Thailand, and HCV genotypes 1b and 2a, whereas the IDU in Yunnan, Guangxi, and Xinjiang carried HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms 07 and 08, which resemble those in India, and HCV genotypes 1b, 3a, and 3b. Our findings show that the epidemics of HIV-1 and HCV infection in China are the consequences of multiple introductions. The distinct distribution patterns of both the HIV-1 and HCV genotypes in the different high-risk groups are tightly linked to the mode of transmission rather than geographic proximity. These findings provide information relevant to antiviral therapy and vaccine development in China and should assist public health workers in implementing measures to reduce the further dissemination of these viruses in the world's most populous nation.

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HIV-1 subtype C in China

Cited by 108 publications

References 4 publications

Identification of a Novel HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF65_cpx) Composed of CRF01_AE and Subtypes B and C in Western Yunnan, China

Identification of a Novel HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF65_cpx) Composed of CRF01_AE and Subtypes B and C in Western Yunnan, China

Identification of a major restriction in HIV-1 intersubtype recombination

Molecular Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus in Paid Blood Donors and Injection Drug Users in China

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