HIV-2 diagnosis and quantification in high-risk patients

Chan, Philip A.; Wakeman, Sarah E.; Flanigan, Timothy P.; Cu‐Uvin, Susan; Kojic, Erna Milunka; Kantor, Rami

doi:10.1186/1742-6405-5-18

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2,3 Only one patient was still alive, whose clinical condition improved significantly after changing treatment from ritonavirboosted atazanavir to ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. 4 An increased protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was described in two patients 3,4 with values similar to our case. Multifocal brain lesions were identified on MRI including the cerebellum in two cases 3,4 as happened in our case.…”

Section: Other Similar and Contrasting Cases In The Literaturesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…4 An increased protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was described in two patients 3,4 with values similar to our case. Multifocal brain lesions were identified on MRI including the cerebellum in two cases 3,4 as happened in our case. JC virus was detected in the first described case 1 , in extracts from the cerebellum in autopsy samples 2 and in the CSF of a third case.…”

Section: Other Similar and Contrasting Cases In The Literaturesupporting

confidence: 81%

“…However, no regression of the lesions had been described after successful antiretroviral therapy in a HIV-2 infected patient. 4 The survival rates after AIDS diagnosis in HIV-2 infected patients was 92% and 80%, at 1 and 3 years, 12 and are significantly longer than in HIV-1 infected individuals. In our patient, AIDS was diagnosed in 1995 and PML was the terminal event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Plasma viral load is generally detected in 74% of the patients with less than 200 CD+ T-cells per L but a high viral load may be observed in advanced immunosuppression. 4,9 In vitro, HIV-1 and HIV-2 exhibit comparable sensitivities to zidovudine and other nucleoside analog inhibitors. 10 Saquinavir, indinavir and ritonavir were found to be equally active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains but little is known about the mutational pathways leading to resistance to these drugs or to the prevalence of primary resistance in naïve patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4 All were immigrants living abroad, in Germany, France and United States, respectively. All were infected through heterosexual contact.…”

Section: Other Similar and Contrasting Cases In The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-2 infection. Case report

Duque¹,

Matos

Cunha³

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Other Similar and Contrasting Cases In The Literaturesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Other Similar and Contrasting Cases In The Literaturesupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4 All were immigrants living abroad, in Germany, France and United States, respectively. All were infected through heterosexual contact.…”

Section: Other Similar and Contrasting Cases In The Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-2 infection. Case report

Duque¹,

Matos

Cunha³

et al. 2010

Journal of Clinical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long-term Nonprogressive Disease Among Individuals With Untreated HIV Infection

Gottlieb

Smith

Sow

2010

JAMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human polyomavirus JC reactivation and pathogenetic mechanisms of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cancer in the era of monoclonal antibody therapies

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by the neurotropic human polyomavirus JC (JCV) lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. PML was first described as a complication of lymphoproliferative disorders more than 50 years ago and emerged as a major complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the 1980s. Despite the ubiquity of this virus, PML is rare and always seen in association with underlying immunosuppressive condition, such as HIV infection, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation. JCV remains quiescent in the kidneys, where it displays a stable archetypal non-coding control region (NCCR). Conversely, rearranged JCV NCCR, including tandem repeat patterns found in the brain of PML patients, have been associated with neurovirulence. The specific site and mechanism of JCV NCCR transformation is unknown. According to one model, during the course of immunosuppression, JCV departs from its latent state and after entering the brain, productively infects and destroys oligodendrocytes. Although the majority of PML cases occur in severely immunesuppressed individuals, PML has been increasingly diagnosed in patients treated with biological therapies such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that modulate immune system functions: in fact, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphopenia, resulting from this immunomodulatory therapy, are the primary risk factor. Furthermore, JCV reactivation in nonpermissive cells after treatment with mAbs, such as intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn's disease patients, in association with other host tumor-inducing factors, could provide valid information on the role of JCV in several malignancies, such as colorectal cancer.

show abstract

HIV-2 diagnosis and quantification in high-risk patients

Abstract: Current diagnostic assays for

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-2 infection. Case report

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-2 infection. Case report

Long-term Nonprogressive Disease Among Individuals With Untreated HIV Infection

Human polyomavirus JC reactivation and pathogenetic mechanisms of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cancer in the era of monoclonal antibody therapies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About