HIV-Associated Malignancies

Hübel, Kai

doi:10.1159/000456716

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Although we explored some demographic characteristics of TB and malignancy patients in our sample, we did not ascertain the HIV status of the cases. There is evidence describing the rise of non-AIDS defining cancers (as more people are on antiretroviral drugs), although AIDS defining cancers continue to pose challenges in countries with a high HIV burden17,21,22. In Malawi, a country where 8.8% of adults (15–49 years) live with HIV23, this information linking cancers to HIV status is critical in order to inform better clinical care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the use of pathology in improving diagnosis in rural Malawi

Kachimanga¹,

Phiri²,

Manase³

et al. 2018

Mal. Med. J

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IntroductionLimited data exists on histologically confirmed cancers and tuberculosis in rural Malawi, despite the high burden of both conditions. One of the main reasons for the limited data is the lack of access to pathology services for diagnosis. We reviewed histopathology results of patients in Neno District, one of the poorest rural districts in Malawi, from May 2011 to July 2017, with an emphasis on cancers and tuberculosis.MethodsThis is a retrospective descriptive study reviewing pathology results of samples collected at Neno health facilities and processed at Kamiza Pathology Laboratory. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and cleaned and analysed using Stata 14.ResultsA total of 532 specimens were collected, of which 87% (465) were tissue biopsies (incision or core biopsies), and 13% (67) were cytology samples. Of all specimens, 7% (n=40) of the samples had non-diagnostic results. Among the results that were diagnostic (n=492), 37% (183) were malignancies, 33% (112) were infections and inflammatory conditions other than tuberculosis, 20% (97) were benign tumours, 7% (34) were tuberculosis, 4% (21) were pre-malignant lesions, 5% (23) were normal samples, and 4% (22) were other miscellaneous conditions. Among the malignancies (n=183), 62% (114) were from females and 38% (69) from males. Among females, almost half of the cancers were cervical (43%, n= 49), followed by Kaposi sarcoma (14%, n=16), skin cancers (9%, n=10), and breast cancer (8%, n=9). In males, Kaposi sarcoma was the most common cancer (35%, n=24), followed by skin cancers (17%, n=12). About 75% (n=137) of the cancers occurred in persons aged 15 to 60 years.ConclusionHistopathology services at a rural hospital in Malawi provides useful diagnostic information on malignancies, tuberculosis and other diagnoses, and can inform management at the district level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the use of pathology in improving diagnosis in rural Malawi

Kachimanga¹,

Phiri²,

Manase³

et al. 2018

Mal. Med. J

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“…In the late stages of the disease, the compromised immune system, as a result of high viral activity and T lymphocytes reduction, predispose the body to the opportunistic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, which are usually not eas-ily occurred in healthy people (3). People living with HIV (PLWH) are also at higher risk of developing concurrent cancers due to the impairment of the immune system (4,5). Globally, the wide application of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has contributed to a shift in cancer patterns among HIV-infected patients (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cancers Among Patients with HIV Referring to Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center, Tehran, Iran, 2004-2017

Tamajani

Gorji

Dadras

et al. 2020

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Malignancies, in part, are responsible for high HIV-related morbidity and mortality. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) substantially decreases the risk of developing AIDS-defining cancers, HIV-infected individuals remain at high risk for non-AIDS-defining cancers. Objectives: In Iran, the epidemiology of AIDS and non-AIDS-defining cancers in the HIV-infected population has not been studied; therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of cancers among HIV-infected patients in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using convenient sampling, hospital records of 1243 HIV-infected patients from 2004 to 2017 were collected at the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. The only inclusion criterion was a positive HIV result of ELISA and Western blot tests. The records were investigated for the occurrence of HIV- and non-HIV-defining cancers. To examine the association between relevant factors and cancer, we used a multivariate logistic regression model to calculate the adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR). Results: Thirty-nine out of 1243 HIV-infected patients, including 16 males (41%) and 23 females (59%), were diagnosed with concurrent cancer (3.1%). Twenty-five individuals had AIDS-defining cancers (2%), and 14 had non-AIDS-defining cancers (1.1%). Cervical cancer was detected in 14 patients (1.1%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 7 patients (0.6%), and Kaposi's sarcoma in 4 patients (0.3%). There was a significant association between age group (30-40 years old) and the type of cancer (P = 0.048). Age group (adjusted odds ratio 3.33 for age group ≥ 50 yrs, 95% CI: 0.42-26.60) and gender (adjusted odds ratio 0.36 for men, 95% CI: 0.18–0.70) remained independently associated with cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of AIDS-defining cancers was higher than non-AIDS-defining cancers. These results highlighted the importance of promoting cancer screening and early ART initiation among HIV-infected patients.

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HIV-Associated Malignancies

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluating the use of pathology in improving diagnosis in rural Malawi

Evaluating the use of pathology in improving diagnosis in rural Malawi

Prevalence of Cancers Among Patients with HIV Referring to Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center, Tehran, Iran, 2004-2017

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