HIV detection in amniotic fluid samples

Maiques, Vicente; García‐Tejedor, Amparo; Perales, Alfredo; Córdoba, Juan; Esteban, Roque J.

doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(02)00405-0

Cited by 59 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Observational studies conducted prior to the widespread use of HAART in pregnancy suggested a possible association between amniocentesis and mother‐to‐child transmission. However, this association has not been demonstrated in more recent studies of women taking HAART [201–203]. For women who have started HAART but whose viral load is not yet undetectable, it may be advisable to delay the amniocentesis until the maternal viral load is undetectable if at all possible.…”

Section: 0 Obstetric Management Of Pregnancy and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 98%

British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2008

et al. 2008

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Section: 0 Obstetric Management Of Pregnancy and Deliverymentioning

confidence: 98%

British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2008

et al. 2008

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“…Unsurprisingly, numerous viral taxa have been previously described in the AF. Examples of these include rubella virus (32), varicella–zoster virus (VZV) (33), human immunodeficiency virus (34), adenovirus (35, 36), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (35, 36), herpes simplex virus (HSV) (36), human parvovirus (36), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (35), enterovirus (35, 37), and respiratory syncytial virus (35). All of these have been identified through either viral culture or targeted molecular assays as, unlike bacteria, at present there is no gene conserved throughout viral genera with sufficient variable regions that enables taxonomic classification.…”

Section: Amniotic Fluid Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Preterm Birth as a Polymicrobial Disease: An Overview of the Uterine Microbiome

2014

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Infection is a leading cause of preterm birth (PTB). A focus of many studies over the past decade has been to characterize microorganisms present in the uterine cavity and document any association with negative pregnancy outcome. A range of techniques have been used to achieve this, including microbiological culture and targeted polymerase chain reaction assays, and more recently, microbiome-level analyses involving either conserved, phylogenetically informative genes such as the bacterial 16S rRNA gene or whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing. These studies have contributed vast amounts of data toward characterization of the uterine microbiome, specifically that present in the amniotic fluid, fetal membranes, and placenta. However, an overwhelming emphasis has been placed on the bacterial microbiome, with far less data produced on the viral and fungal/yeast microbiomes. With numerous studies now referring to PTB as a polymicrobial condition, there is the need to investigate the role of viruses and fungi/yeasts in more detail and in particular, look for associations between colonization with these microorganisms and bacteria in the same samples. Although the major pathway by which microorganisms are believed to colonize the uterine cavity is vertical ascension from the vagina, numerous studies are now emerging suggesting hematogenous transfer of oral microbiota to the uterine cavity. Evidence of this has been produced in mouse models and although DNA-based evidence in humans appears convincing in some aspects, use of methodologies that only detect viable cells as opposed to lysed cells and extracellular DNA are needed to clarify this. Such techniques as RNA analyses and viability polymerase chain reaction are likely to play key roles in the clinical translation of future microbiome-based data, particularly in confined environments such as the uterus, as detection of viable cells plays a key role in diagnosis and treatment of infection.

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“…MTCT of HIV via oral mucosal epithelia may originate from amniotic fluid in utero (Jaspan et al, 2004; Maiques et al, 2003; Mundy et al, 1987), from amniotic and cervicovaginal fluids at birth, and from breast milk postnatally (Nussenblatt et al, 2005; Semba, 2000; Semba and Neville, 1999; Willumsen et al, 2000). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human beta-defensins 2 and -3 cointernalize with human immunodeficiency virus via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and reduce infectivity of intracellular virions in tonsil epithelial cells

et al. 2016

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We previously showed that expression of the anti-HIV innate proteins human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and hBD3 in adult oral epithelial cells reduces HIV transepithelial transmission by inactivation of virus. However, fetal/infant oral epithelia lack beta-defensin expression, leading to transmission of HIV. The mechanisms of hBD2- and hBD3-mediated HIV inactivation in adult oral epithelial cells are poorly understood. Here we found that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells facilitate simultaneous binding of hBDs and HIV gp120 to the cell surface. HSPG-facilitated binding of hBDs and HIV gp120 to the cell surface did not affect viral attachment. HBD2 or -3 cointernalized with virions in endosomes, formed oligomers, and reduced infectivity of HIV. The anti-HIV effect of combining hBD2 and hBD3 was substantially higher than that of the individual peptides. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms of anti-HIV resistance in adult oral epithelium.

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HIV detection in amniotic fluid samples

Cited by 59 publications

References 25 publications

British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2008

British HIV Association and Children's HIV Association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women 2008

Exploring Preterm Birth as a Polymicrobial Disease: An Overview of the Uterine Microbiome

Human beta-defensins 2 and -3 cointernalize with human immunodeficiency virus via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and reduce infectivity of intracellular virions in tonsil epithelial cells

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