HIV Disease and AIDS

Dahmer, Stephen; Kligler, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00019-0

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It is administered by subcutaneous injection, resulting in reduction in the trunk fat, waist circumference, and improvement of other body image parameters. As a category X drug, it cannot be used during pregnancy [309][310][311].…”

Section: Amp With Antiviral Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery, Optimization, and Clinical Application of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widespread in multicellular organisms. These structurally diverse molecules are produced as the first line of defense against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Also known as host defense peptides in higher eukaryotic organisms, AMPs display immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. During the last 30 years, technological advances have boosted the research on antimicrobial peptides, which have also attracted great interest as an alternative to tackling the antimicrobial resistance scenario mainly provoked by some bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, the introduction of natural AMPs in clinical trials faces challenges such as proteolytic digestion, short half-lives, and cytotoxicity upon systemic and oral application. Therefore, some strategies have been implemented to improve the properties of AMPs aiming to be used as effective therapeutic agents. In the present review, we summarize the discovery path of AMPs, focusing on preclinical development, recent advances in chemical optimization and peptide delivery systems, and their introduction into the market.

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Section: Amp With Antiviral Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery, Optimization, and Clinical Application of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides

et al. 2021

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“…Increased levels of lactate in the urine indicate hyperuricaemia. Acetylcarnitine promotes the transport of essential fatty acids across cell membranes and thus may play a role in normalising intracellular lipid metabolism and regulating peripheral nerve function and regeneration [ 8 ]. Inosine stimulates the synthesis of adenine nucleotides, increases the activity of some enzymes of the Krebs cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of 11 metabolites in rat urine after exposure to organophosphates

Leninsky,

Sobolev,

Sokolova

et al. 2024

Lab Anim Res

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Background The aim of the study was to develop a technique for quantitative determination of rat urine metabolites by HPLC–MS/MS, which can be used to search for biomarkers of acute intoxication with organophosphates (OPs). Results The content of metabolites in the urine of rats exposed to a single dose of paraoxon (POX1x); interval, twice daily administration of paraoxon (POX2x); exposure to 2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1, 3, 2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide and paraoxon (CBPOX) was investigated. New data were obtained on the content in the urine of intact rats as well as rats in 3 models of OP poisoning: 3-methylhistidine, threonine, creatine, creatinine, lactic acid, acetylcarnitine, inosine, hypoxanthine, adenine, 3-hydroxymethyl-butyrate and 2-hydroxymethyl-butyrate. Conclusions The proposed assay procedure is a simple and reliable tool for urine metabolomic studies. Within 1–3 days after OP exposure in all three models of acute intoxication, the concentration of metabolites in rat urine, with the exception of adenine, changes similarly and symmetrically, regardless of the method of poisoning modeling, in all three models of acute intoxication. Further studies are needed to determine the specificity and reliability of using urinary metabolite concentration changes as potential biomarkers of acute organophosphate intoxication. Graphical Abstract

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“…We have done molecular docking study by Autodock vina and Discovery Studio Visualizer (DSV) packages. we used five vitamins and known antioxidant as potential inhibitors against M pro , according to their properties in boosting immunity and maintaining the neurological system like in HIV Disease such as vitamins B Group including vitamin B1, B5, B6, and B7 [13,14], in cardiovascular diseases vitamin E was proved effective [15], and Glutathione as an agent to reduce oxidative stress [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Structural Mechanism of Glutathione as a Potential Peptide Inhibitor to the Main Protease (Mpro): CoviD-19 Treatment, Molecular Docking and SAR Study

lina

Benarous²,

Yousfi³

2020

Preprint

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2019-nCoV Coronavirus spread all over the world and obliged one billion people in open confinement, no treatments or vaccine have been yet found against this pandemic. The Main Protease (Mpro) is an attractive drug target, because it is the essential protein for the virus invasion. This study aims to test in silico the effect of five vitamins and a natural antioxidant against Mpro, using molecular docking study, with Autodock Vina and Discovery Studio visualizer softwares. The used inhibitors were chosen based on their beneficial properties such as Tocopherol (vitamin E), Thiamine (vitamin B1), Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), Biotin (vitamin B7), and Glutathione (GSH), the best inhibitor pose was chosen based on the repetition ratio (RR) and the minimum affinity energy value (MEV). The results show that Glutathione is the best inhibitor model among the other tested vitamins in the active site of Mpro with a RR value of 94% and MEV of - 5.5 kcal/mol, the compatibility of Glutathione structure inside the binding pocket as a tripeptide model found to be similar to the native ligand of Mpro. Moreover, Thiamine, Biotin, and Tocopherol are saved as satisfied inhibitors to Mpro, Pyridoxine was the weakest inhibitor. Depending on this result, we recommend the use of Glutathione and vitamin B family as a supportive strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.

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HIV Disease and AIDS

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Discovery, Optimization, and Clinical Application of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides

Discovery, Optimization, and Clinical Application of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides

Quantification of 11 metabolites in rat urine after exposure to organophosphates

Novel Structural Mechanism of Glutathione as a Potential Peptide Inhibitor to the Main Protease (Mpro): CoviD-19 Treatment, Molecular Docking and SAR Study

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