HIV-enhancing Amyloids Are Prevalent in Fresh Semen and Are a Determinant for Semen's Ability to Enhance HIV Infection: Relevance for HIV Transmission

UsmaniShariq,; LiuHaichuan,; PilcherChris, D; Ewa, WitkowskaH.; KirchhoffFrank,; GreeneWarner, C; MünchJan,; RoanNadia, R

doi:10.1089/aid.2014.5392.abstract

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Amyloids in semen are known to enhance human immunodeficiency virus infectivity ( 582 ). According to our own recent experimental analyzes, they may be caused by bacterial LPS ( 476 , 477 ) or LTA ( 478 ).…”

Section: Microbial Infections In Spontaneous Abortions Miscarriagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Kenny

Kell

2018

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although it is widely considered, in many cases, to involve two separable stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of preeclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its etiology. However, apart from recognizing, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focused on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focusing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father’s semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus (and maybe the placenta) with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of PE. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination.

show abstract

Section: Microbial Infections In Spontaneous Abortions Miscarriagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Kenny

Kell

2018

Front. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Amyloids in semen are known to enhance HIV infectivity [550]. According to our own recent experimental analyses, they may be caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [446; 447] or lipoteichoic acid [448].…”

Section: Microbial Infections In Spontaneous Abortions Miscarriages mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father¹

Kenny

Kell

2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although it is widely recognised as involving two stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of pre-eclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its aetiology. However, apart from recognising, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focussed on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focussing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father’s semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of preeclampsia. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination. “In one of the last articles which he wrote, the late Professor F J Browne (1958) expressed the opinion that all the essential facts about pregnancy toxaemia are now available and that all that is required to solve the problem is to fit them together in the right order, like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle” [1]“It appears astonishing how little attention has been given in reproductive medicine to the maternal immune system over the last few decades.” [2]

show abstract

“…A subsequent report emerged that countered this finding by suggesting that endogenous Zn 2+ within seminal plasma might protect the fibrils from proteolysis [ 65 ]. Furthermore, SEVI fibrils were eventually detected in fresh human semen [ 66 , 67 ]. Anionic components such as inorganic phosphate and sodium bicarbonate within seminal plasma could also enhance SEVI fibril formation in vitro [ 65 ].…”

Section: Semen-derived Cationic Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Enhancing and HIV-Inhibiting Properties of Cationic Peptides and Proteins

Cole

2017

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cationic antimicrobial peptides and proteins have historically been ascribed roles in innate immunity that infer killing of microbial and viral pathogens and protection of the host. In the context of sexually transmitted HIV-1, we take an unconventional approach that questions this paradigm. It is becoming increasingly apparent that many of the cationic polypeptides present in the human genital or anorectal mucosa, or human semen, are capable of enhancing HIV-1 infection, often in addition to other reported roles as viral inhibitors. We explore how the in vivo environment may select for or against the HIV-enhancing aspects of these cationic polypeptides by focusing on biological relevance. We stress that the distinction between enhancing and inhibiting HIV-1 infection is not mutually exclusive to specific classes of cationic polypeptides. Understanding how virally enhancing peptides and proteins act to promote sexual transmission of HIV-1 would be important for the design of topical microbicides, mucosal vaccines, and other preventative measures.

show abstract

HIV-enhancing Amyloids Are Prevalent in Fresh Semen and Are a Determinant for Semen's Ability to Enhance HIV Infection: Relevance for HIV Transmission

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father¹

HIV-Enhancing and HIV-Inhibiting Properties of Cationic Peptides and Proteins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

HIV-enhancing Amyloids Are Prevalent in Fresh Semen and Are a Determinant for Semen's Ability to Enhance HIV Infection: Relevance for HIV Transmission

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father†

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father1

HIV-Enhancing and HIV-Inhibiting Properties of Cationic Peptides and Proteins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Immunological tolerance, pregnancy and pre-eclampsia: the roles of semen microbes and the father¹