HIV in Human Genomes and Therapeutics

Abstract

One of the most interesting topics in the field of HIV/AIDS study is the possible relationship between HIV genetic penetrations and disease stages. One decade before, this kind of genomic information is difficult to achieve. Yet, the innovations of next generation sequencing (NGS) have changed this landscape. At present, new generations of bio-therapies target this undesired pathogenic pathways. In this article, we address the relationships between HIV-induced genomic changes across the history and different types of therapeutics have been testified since last decade-including integrate inhibitors, genome editing agents and therapeutic schedules. Future perspectives are also given. HIV in Human Genomes and Therapeutics Knowledge EvolutionPhysical states of DNA polymers in pathologic and therapeutic studiesAt the beginning of this millennium, genomic drafting was a huge task hardly finished by single lab or even an institute. Owing to this situation, physical states of DNA samples were used to identify smallsegments of HIV genome integration into physical states of DNA polymers. In these initial studies, a great amount of HIV pieces can penetrate into DNA polymers as fast as 4 hrs [4]. By utility of this experimental model, a series of HIV/AIDS therapeutic agents (integrate inhibitors) have been developed and finally licensed [4-6,14-17].Since integrase inhibitors were usually developed by DNA polymer substrate techniques, the situation of clinical therapeutic improvements were uncertainty. It means that DNA polymer conditions are not completely parallel with complicate conditions in living cells and bodies-including HIV infected patients. As a result, more sophisticate living conditions (in vitro or in vivo experimental models) must be established, and even utilized as HIV therapeutic drug evaluating systems. Different types of animal models and human cell modelsBefore clinical human genomic pathological and therapeutic studies, in vitro or in vivo animal models for HIV genomic integration must be utilized first. In animal model studies, selections of animal genomic origin and human cell/tissue types are important.There are similarity and diversity among different animal genomic origins and human cell types. These types of animal/human genomic studies generally needs less ethical requirements and can be studied in repeat ways comparing with clinical human investigations. In our opinions, these types of HIV genomic penetration studies should be emphasized now and in future. Similarly, these types of HIV animal

HIV/AIDS treatment, therapeutic strategy break throughs

“…As a result, different therapeutic strategies may treat different pathologic stages and individual genomic backgrounds of an individual patient. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Different therapeutic agents (chemical, biological and immune-stimulators) may be separately developed in the future. With the breakthrough of genetic/epigenetic study, HIV curability may be achieved by targeting HIV-human genomic interaction and integration (latest such arguments and reports).…”

Herbal medicine in new era

“…Yet for HIV or Zika infections, managing damaged human organs or physiological entities (immune rebuilding or cerebral damage protection) is more important to understand. [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Similarly, tumours are categorized with different subtypes and pathologic stages. This pathologic variation is very suitable for individualized therapeutics such as TCM, drug sensitivity testing and pharmacogenetic approaches (Table 1).…”