HIV incidence on the increase among homosexual men attending an Amsterdam sexually transmitted disease clinic: using a novel approach for detecting recent infections

Dukers, Nicole H. T. M.; Spaargaren, Joke; Geskus, Ronald B.; Beijnen, Jos H.; Coutinho, Roel A.; Fennema, H

doi:10.1097/00002030-200207050-00001

Cited by 113 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…A dramatic increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as gonorrhea (1), syphilis (1,2), and HIV seroconversion (3,4), has been reported worldwide. The gold standard for syphilis diagnosis remains the serology test, particularly the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test or rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Incidental Syphilis Diagnosed by Real-Time PCR Screening of Urine Samples

et al. 2015

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confidence: 99%

Incidental Syphilis Diagnosed by Real-Time PCR Screening of Urine Samples

et al. 2015

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“…A strategy based on a sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm was recently used to identify serum samples from recently infected individuals (16). This strategy that uses both a sensitive and a less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay (S/LS EIA), also called a detuned assay, was applied to various situations, providing estimates of HIV incidence (12,14,16,18,24,33,35). One of the major drawbacks of this strategy is that the test is an adaptation of a commercial EIA, which poses problems for long-term availability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an Immunoassay for Identification of Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections and Its Use on Dried Serum Spots

et al. 2005

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The objective was to develop and to validate an immunossay to identify recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections that can be used on dried serum spots (DSS). A single, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to quantify antibodies toward four HIV-1 antigens: consensus peptides of the immunodominant epitope of gp41 (IDE), consensus V3 peptides, recombinant integrase, and recombinant p24. The parameters of the logistic regression used to classify the samples were estimated on a training sample (210 serum samples) using resampling techniques to get stable estimates and then applied to a validation sample (761 serum samples). The IDE and V3 peptides were the best able to discriminate between the antibodies present in serum from recently (<6 months) infected individuals and those with long-lasting infection. Combined quantification of antibody binding to these two synthetic antigens allowed us to identify recent infections with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.949 and a sensitivity of 88.3%, with a specificity of 97.6% in patients with long-term infection (but not AIDS) and 86.0% in patients suffering from AIDS with a threshold of 0.50 in the validation sample. This simple immunoassay can be used to identify recently HIV-1-infected patients. Its performance is compatible with its use in population-based studies including DSS.The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is generally assessed by monitoring seroprevalence i.e., the proportion of persons with HIV antibodies (including recently infected people and people who were infected several years previously). To understand recent changes in the HIV epidemic, it is necessary to estimate the incidence, i.e., the number of newly infected subjects in a defined period. A strategy based on a sensitive/less sensitive testing algorithm was recently used to identify serum samples from recently infected individuals (16). This strategy that uses both a sensitive and a less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay (S/LS EIA), also called a detuned assay, was applied to various situations, providing estimates of HIV incidence (12,14,16,18,24,33,35). One of the major drawbacks of this strategy is that the test is an adaptation of a commercial EIA, which poses problems for long-term availability. It is therefore necessary to develop and to validate simple immunoassays that can continuously be used independent of any commercial source. The knowledge of the anti-HIV type 1 (anti-HIV-1) antibody response (5,8,20,38) and recent studies aimed at identifying antigens to distinguish recent infections (27, 30) allowed us to design a candidate assay to assess persons with recent infection. We report the development and the validation of this assay for the identification of recent HIV-1 infections (EIA-RI) and its application to dried blood spots.

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“…5 This trend has also been described in London, 6 7 with one study reporting that the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with a casual partner of unknown or discordant HIV status more than doubled between 1998 and 2002, from 7% to 16%. 8 Increases in HIV infections in homosexual men have been reported in Canada, 9 the Netherlands, 10 and the United States. 11 In England, data suggest an upward trend in HIV transmissions in homosexual men in 2002.…”

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Increase in HIV sexual risk behaviour in homosexual men in Scotland, 1996-2002: prevention failure?

Hart

2005

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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HIV incidence on the increase among homosexual men attending an Amsterdam sexually transmitted disease clinic: using a novel approach for detecting recent infections

Abstract: HIV incidence is increasing among homosexual attendees of an STD clinic. It is imperative to trace recently infected individuals, because they are highly infectious, and can thus play a key role in the spread of HIV.

Cited by 113 publications

References 10 publications

Incidental Syphilis Diagnosed by Real-Time PCR Screening of Urine Samples

Incidental Syphilis Diagnosed by Real-Time PCR Screening of Urine Samples

Development and Validation of an Immunoassay for Identification of Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections and Its Use on Dried Serum Spots

Increase in HIV sexual risk behaviour in homosexual men in Scotland, 1996-2002: prevention failure?

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