HIV morbidity and mortality in Jamaica: analysis of national surveillance data, 1993–2005

Losina, Elena; Figueroa, Peter; Duncan, Jacqueline P.; Divi, Nomita; Wolf, Lindsey L.; Hirschhorn, Lisa R.; Robertson, Minnette; Harvey, Kevin; Whorms, S.; Freedberg, Kenneth A.; Gebre, Yitades

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2007.05.002

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The immunological hallmark of HIV infection is a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell count. CD4+ T cell depletion, the functional impairment of this subset and the subsequent breakdown of cellular immunity contribute to the emergence of opportunistic infections by intracellular pathogens, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS (3). In particular, opportunistic protozoans play a major role as aetiological agents of chronic diseases in HIV‐infected patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on HIV/Toxoplasma gondiico-infection and cytokine levels among intravenous drug users

Gong

et al. 2010

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on HIV/Toxoplasma gondiico-infection and cytokine levels among intravenous drug users

Gong

et al. 2010

Parasite Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1–5 Late HIV diagnosis is associated with HIV transmission in the population, 3,6,7 partly through higher community viral load and increased infectivity among persons unaware of their HIV status. 8–10 One study estimated that even under optimal configurations of stable or declining HIV incidence and increase in HIV case findings, the proportion of late HIV diagnosis would remain unchanged from year 2019 into 2040.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Capital is Associated With Late HIV Diagnosis: An Ecological Analysis

Ransome

Galea

Pabayo

et al. 2016

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Late HIV diagnosis is associated with higher medical costs, early mortality among individuals, and HIV transmission in the population. Even under optimal configurations of stable or declining HIV incidence and increase in HIV case findings, no change in proportion of late HIV diagnosis is projected after year 2019. We investigated the association among social capital, gender, and late HIV diagnosis. Methods We conduct ecological analyses (ZIP code, N=166) using negative binomial regression of gender-specific rates of late HIV diagnoses (an AIDS defining illness or a CD4 count ≤200 cell/µL within 12 months of a new HIV diagnosis) in 2005 and 2006 obtained from the New York City HIV Surveillance Registry, and social capital indicators (civic engagement, political participation, social cohesion, and informal social control) from the New York Social Indicators Survey, 2004. Results Overall, low to high political participation and social cohesion corresponded with significant (p<.0001) decreasing trends in late HIV diagnosis rates. Among men (RR=0.66, 95% CI [0.47—0.98]) and women (RR=0.43, 95% CI [0.28—0.67]), highest political participation was associated with lower relative odds of late HIV diagnosis, independent of income inequality. Highest informal social control (RR=0.67, 95% CI [0.48—0.93]) among men only, and moderate social cohesion (RR=0.71, 95% CI [0.55—0.92]) among women only, were associated with the outcome adjusting for social fragmentation, income inequality, and racial composition. Discussion The magnitude of association between social capital and late HIV diagnosis varies by gender and by social capital indicator.

show abstract

“…Blood samples are drawn from patients and send to the laboratory for screening first using the serologic ELISA test. Because ELISA often generates some false positive results, a positive ELISA test must always be followed by a confirmatory Western blot test (Losinaa, 2008). The ideal diagnosis marker of HIV infection should be easily and reproducibly measurable in all individuals with the disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Efficacy of Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV Patients: Case of Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital in Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa

Motshwane¹,

Seeletse²

2016

American Journal of Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper used survival analysis to evaluate the efficacy of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in HIV patients and also to determine if ARVs reduces the risk of HIV/AIDS. Secondary data were collected from files archived in Tshepang Clinic in Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital in Tshwane, Gauteng Province of South Africa. Survival time was regressed on influential variables that affect survival. The statistical data analysis was conducted using STATA. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of data. Of the 318 patients tested, 292 (92%) were alive after treatment and 26 (8%) had died. Survival time was regressed on influential variables (gender, age, education level, marital status, township, CD4 count and viral load) affecting survival. The epidemiological measure of effect was the hazard ratio. At the 5% level of significance, significant hazard ratios were characterized by hazard ratios that are significantly different from "1", p<0.05 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI). The combination of Regimen 1 and 2 of ARVs had a positive and significant impact on the lives of patients around the hospital's jurisdiction. The Cox Proportional Hazards Model was identified as the most suitable for the Tshepang data. An equation and models are provided.

show abstract

HIV morbidity and mortality in Jamaica: analysis of national surveillance data, 1993–2005

Abstract: In the pre-ART era, over one-third of HIV-infected persons in Jamaica were first identified with advanced disease. This highlights the need for earlier diagnosis as ART programs roll out in the Caribbean.

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Research on HIV/Toxoplasma gondiico-infection and cytokine levels among intravenous drug users

Research on HIV/Toxoplasma gondiico-infection and cytokine levels among intravenous drug users

Social Capital is Associated With Late HIV Diagnosis: An Ecological Analysis

Modelling the Efficacy of Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV Patients: Case of Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital in Tshwane, Gauteng Province, South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About