HIV, Other Blood-Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst Expatriates and Travellers to Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Crawford, Gemma; Lobo, Roanna; Brown, Graham; Macri, Chloe; Smith, Hannah; Maycock, Bruce

doi:10.3390/ijerph13121249

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [ 14 ]. It followed procedures previously used by other systematic reviews conducted by the research team [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) to ensure quality adherence, reporting and dissemination (registration number: CRD42015023330).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Rade

Crawford

Lobo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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The number of migrants has increased globally. This phenomenon has contributed to increasing health problems amongst migrants in high-income countries, including vulnerability for HIV acquisition and other sexual health issues. Adaptation processes in destination countries can present difficulties for migrants to seek help from and gain access to health services. This study examined migrants’ from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South East Asia (SEA) sexual health help-seeking behavior in high-income countries with universal health coverage. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. Several databases were searched from 2000 to 2017. Of 2824 studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria. These consisted of 12 qualitative and three quantitative studies conducted in Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Scotland, Ireland, and Sweden. Migrants experienced a range of difficulties accessing health services, specifically those related to sexual health, in high-income countries. Few studies described sources of sexual health help-seeking or facilitators to help-seeking. Barriers to access were numerous, including: stigma, direct and indirect costs, difficulty navigating health systems in destination countries and lack of cultural competency within health services. More culturally secure health services, increased health service literacy and policy support to mitigate costs, will improve health service access for migrants from SSA and SEA. Addressing the structural drivers for stigma and discrimination remains an ongoing and critical challenge.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Rade

Crawford

Lobo

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…The reasons for late diagnosis of HIV among SSA and SEA migrants living in high-income countries (HIC), such as Australia, are broadly understood. Our previous research indicated that population mobility (movement between countries) can be a risk factor for HIV, as risk behavior of the individual may change in the destination country [8,9,10,11,12,13]. Mobility may also increase vulnerability to HIV acquisition, as an individual’s access to health services and social support changes [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why I Can’t, Won’t or Don’t Test for HIV: Insights from Australian Migrants Born in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia

Gray

Lobo

Narciso

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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People born in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia are overrepresented in HIV notifications in Australia. Just under half of all notifications among people from sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia are diagnosed late. Increased HIV testing among these communities is necessary to ensure early diagnosis, better care and reduce likelihood of HIV onward transmission. Recently, Australia has made new HIV testing methods available: rapid HIV testing and self-testing kits. We conducted 11 focus groups with 77 participants with people from sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia in four jurisdictions in Australia. Focus groups discussed barriers to HIV testing and the acceptability of new testing methods. Barriers to HIV testing included: cost and eligibility of health services, low visibility of HIV in Australia, HIV-related stigma, and missed opportunities by general practitioners (GPs) for early diagnosis of HIV and linkage into care. Participants had low levels of knowledge on where to test for HIV and the different methods available. Diverse opportunities for testing were considered important. Interventions to increase HIV testing rates among sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asian migrants in Australia need to be multi-strategic and aimed at individual, community and policy levels. New methods of HIV testing, including rapid HIV testing and self-testing, present an opportunity to engage with migrants outside of traditional health care settings.

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“…A meta-analysis determined that being male, traveling alone for long periods, traveling for sex tourism, greater number of sexual partners, homosexuality and bisexuality, not using condoms, intercourse with sex workers, and using alcohol and intravenous (IV) drugs increased risk of contracting bloodborne diseases and STDs [24] .…”

Section: Bloodborne and Stdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recommended pretravel immunizations are summarized in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Travel destination Special patient population [21] MMR (live attenuated) SC, 2 doses 28 days apart,, 94% [22] No specific region International travelers and healthcare workers Td IM, booster after 10 years, 95% [24] No specific region Booster after 5 years if traveling to countries with limited access to healthcare services or poor hygienic conditions Hepatitis A (inactivated virus)…”

Section: Obligatory Vaccinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What to Know About Travel Related Infections

Pepe¹,

Akıncı²,

Bodur³

2019

mjima

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International travel has increased as a result of social development, advances in information and communication technologies, and improved life standards. Reports from the World Tourism Organization indicate that the global number of international tourists reached 1.2 billion in 2015, an increase of 4.6% from the previous year [1]. Tourism is also growing steadily in Turkey. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute, the number of passengers using airports for international departures reached 71 million in 2016 [2]. Increases in tourism also bring increases in travel-related diseases. Depending on the destination, 22-64% of tourists experience health problems [3]. Most of the conditions associated with infection are self-limiting diseases such as diarrhea and respiratory and skin infections [4,5]. Less than 1% of patients require hospitalization [6]. Noninfectious health problems that may occur during travel include car sickness, jet lag, venous thrombosis,

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HIV, Other Blood-Borne Viruses and Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst Expatriates and Travellers to Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 58 publications

Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Why I Can’t, Won’t or Don’t Test for HIV: Insights from Australian Migrants Born in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia

What to Know About Travel Related Infections

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