HIV risk inside U.S. prisons: a systematic review of risk reduction interventions conducted in U.S. prisons

Abstract

HIV prevalence in correctional populations is approximately five times that of the general adult population. This systematic review examines the broad question of HIV prevention and interventions to reduce inmate HIV-related risk behaviors in U.S. federal and state prisons. We conducted a systematic review of multiple databases and Google Scholar to identify behavioral, biomedical, social, and policy studies related to HIV among U.S. prison populations from 1980 – 2014. Studies were excluded if they did not focus on HIV, prison inmates, if they were conducted outside of the U.S., if they involved juvenile offenders, or if they included post-release outcomes. Twenty-seven articles met the study criteria. Evidence suggests that research related to the HIV care continuum, risk behaviors, gender, prevention (e.g., peer education), and policy are key topics to enhance HIV prevention interventions in the criminal justice system. This review provides a prison-specific overview of HIV in U.S. correctional populations and highlight effective interventions, including inmate peer education. There is an urgent need to continue to implement HIV prevention interventions across all prisons and improve the quality of life among those at heightened risk of HIV infection.

Care to Incarcertaed People With Hiv/Aids: Literature Review

“…5 In this context, however, health promotion and prevention actions are insufficiently provided to this population, as well as medical care. [5][6] The prison environment is recognized as a structured space capable of promoting continuous care focused on HIV control with the provision of antiretroviral therapy and management of comorbidities, such as drug addiction, tuberculosis and other sexually transmitted infections. [7][8] It is believed that for an effective response to the impact of HIV / AIDS in prisons as a public health problem, access to health actions and services aimed at HIV prevention and control by the prison population is equivalent to that offered to the community is essential.…”

Prevalence and associated risk factors of HIV in prisons in Balochistan, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study

“…AIDS in Pakistan was limited and epidemic among key populations over the decades, but the latest evidence suggests that there is a shift from key populations through transmission via needle-sharing by injecting drug users (IDUs) to sexual transmission via multiple sexual partners, and further transmission to their intimate partners is increasing 1 . According to Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey (IBBS), HIV prevalence was 38.4% among people who inject drugs (PWIDs), about 7.1% among transgender (TG), 3.5% among men who have sex with men and 2.2% among female sex workers [1][2][3] .…”

Assistência prestada às pessoas que vivem com HIV para prevenção da transmissão do vírus no âmbito prisional

“…Também é importante ofertar materiais educativos nas UP, como cartazes e panfletos, a qual obteve avaliação regular neste estudo; entretanto, convém destacar que essa estratégia deve ser valorizada em um contexto permeado por oportunidades para a discussão e o esclarecimento de dúvidas em relação às temáticas e conteúdos abordados nesses materiais, superando a mera fixação ou disponibilidade em pontos específicos para retirada, a depender do interesse da população-alvo. De acordo com a literatura, elementos negativos são apontados no processo de construção e adensamento do conhecimento em HIV no sistema prisional, os quais permeiam a entrega de materiais desatualizados, pautados em metodologias passivas e sem nenhuma instrução sobre os materiais e insumos disponibilizados (CONPENHAVER et al, 2009;CATZ et al, 2012;GUIN, 2009;VALERA;CHANG;LIAN, 2016;SIMOOYA et al, 2014;MACOGOWAN et al, 2009).…”

“…Entre as informações voltadas à prevenção da transmissão do HIV no sistema prisional, temas como utilização de preservativos, benefícios da carga viral indetectável, orientações sobre práticas sexuais, terapia antirretroviral, compartilhamento de materiais perfurocortantes e testagem sorológica de IST podem ser abordados de maneira contínua, a fim de garantir a utilização segura e eficaz de insumos, a adoção de medidas protetivas e a redução de preconceitos e estigmas no ambiente prisional (CONPENHAVER et al, 2009;CATZ et al, 2012;GUIN, 2009;VALERA;CHANG;LIAN, 2016;SIMOOYA et al, 2014;MACOGOWAN et al, 2009).…”

“…Tal situação retrata a crise do sistema carcerário brasileiro, o qual compreendia uma população de 726.712 detentos em 2016, cujo déficit era de 358.663 vagas, expressando uma taxa de 197,4% de ocupação (BRASIL, 2017a). Isso indica a importância da disponibilidade de preservativos, lubrificantes, aconselhamento e educação em saúde que contemple a redução de danos no âmbito prisional para a prevenção da transmissão do HIV(CATZ et al, 2012;BRASIL, 2014a; SIMOYA et al, 2014;VALERA;CHANG;LIAN, 2017;SEVALHO, 2018).…”