HIV testing and counselling in Colombia: evidence from a national health survey and recommendations for health-care services

Arrivillaga, Marcela; Hoyos, Paula Andrea; Tovar, Luis Miguel; Varela, María Teresa; Correa, Diego; Zapata, Helmer

doi:10.1258/ijsa.2012.011468

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Policies that institute routine HIV testing in a variety of settings (e.g., medical emergency rooms, primary care visits) and targeting of high-risk groups have been promoted as a means of increasing detection of HIV (Arrivillaga et al, 2012; Deblonde et al, 2010; Mimiaga et al, 2009). Our data indicated that, despite efforts to establish public health policies to encourage HIV testing in Colombia, access was still restricted by bureaucratic procedures, particularly in subsidized insurance plans, such as requiring a doctor’s assessment of patients’ risk behavior or denying testing to patients who were not fasting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A national survey in Colombia estimated that for every nine HIV-positive people, as few as one might be aware of his or her infection (Arrivillaga et al, 2012). Among MSM in seven Colombian cities, 14% to 31% reported ever having been tested (UNFPA and Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Relative to HIV, despite improvements, better HIV care and services are available for those covered by contributory plans than by subsidized plans (Moreno et al, 2012). Government policy affirms the right to free semi-annual HIV testing (Ministro de la Protección Social de la República de Colombia, 2006); however, a national study found that Colombians with no education and no affiliation with the health system were less likely to have been tested (Arrivillaga et al, 2012). …”

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confidence: 99%

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HIV Testing Among MSM in Bogotá, Colombia: The Role of Structural and Individual Characteristics

Reisen

Zea²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2014

AIDS Education and Prevention

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This study used mixed methods to examine characteristics related to HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bogotá, Colombia. A sample of 890 MSM responded to a computerized quantitative survey. Follow-up qualitative data included 20 in-depth interviews with MSM and 12 key informant interviews. Hierarchical logistic set regression indicated that sequential sets of variables reflecting demographic characteristics, insurance coverage, risk appraisal, and social context each added to the explanation of HIV testing. Follow-up logistic regression showed that individuals who were older, had higher income, paid for their own insurance, had had a sexually transmitted infection, knew more people living with HIV, and had greater social support were more likely to have been tested for HIV at least once. Qualitative findings provided details of personal and structural barriers to testing, as well as interrelationships among these factors. Recommendations to increase HIV testing among Colombian MSM are offered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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HIV Testing Among MSM in Bogotá, Colombia: The Role of Structural and Individual Characteristics

Reisen

Zea²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2014

AIDS Education and Prevention

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“…Although only two people said that they were living with HIV, the infection rate in this sample was probably higher, given that a third had never been tested. Despite recent policies enacted in Colombia to establish the right to free HIV testing, many obstacles still exist (Arrivillaga et al, 2012). Indeed, the likelihood of having ever been tested was greater among the sex workers described here than in a sample of 1000 MSM and transgender women whom we recruited into a different phase of this research program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Work Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Bogotá

et al. 2014

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This qualitative study examined sex work among internally displaced male and transgender female sex workers in Bogotá, Colombia. Internal displacement has occurred in Colombia as a result of decades of conflict among armed groups and has created large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. Informed by the polymorphous model of sex work, which posits that contextual conditions shape the experience of sex work, we examined three main research questions. The first dealt with how internal displacement was related to the initiation of sex work; the second concerned the effect of agency on sex worker satisfaction; and the third examined how sex work in this context was related to HIV and other risks. Life history interviews were conducted with a 26 displaced individuals who had done sex work: 14 were men who have sex with men (MSM) and 12 were transgender women (natal males). Findings revealed that many participants began doing sex work in the period immediately after displacement, because of a lack of money, housing, and social support. HIV risk was greater during this time due to limited knowledge of HIV and inexperience negotiating safer sex with clients. Other findings indicated that sex workers who exerted more control and choice in the circumstances of their work reported greater satisfaction. In addition, we found that although many sex workers insisted on condom use with clients, several noted that they would sometimes have unprotected sex for additional money. Specific characteristics affecting the experience of sex work among the transgender women were also discussed.

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“…Data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2007 showed that the proportion of the general population ever tested for HIV infection remains very low (20%) [4]. Moreover, about half of individuals tested had never received pretest counselling, and more than half had never received post-test counselling [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Testing and Counselling in Colombia: Local Experience on Two Different Recruitment Strategies to Better Reach Low Socioeconomic Status Communities

Galindo-Quintero

Mueses-Marín

Montaño-Agudelo

et al. 2014

AIDS Research and Treatment

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HIV testing rates remain very low in Colombia, with only 20% of individuals at risk ever tested. In order to tackle this issue, the Corporacion de Lucha Contra el Sida (CLS) has implemented a multidisciplinary, provider-initiated, population-based HIV testing/counselling strategy named BAFI. In this report, we describe the experience of CLS at reaching populations from low socioeconomic backgrounds in 2008-2009. Two different approaches were used: one led by CLS and local health care providers (BAFI-1) and the other by CLS and community leaders (BAFI-2). Both approaches included the following: consented HIV screening test, a demographic questionnaire, self-reported HIV knowledge and behaviour questionnaires, pre- and posttest counselling, confirmatory HIV tests, clinical follow-up, access to comprehensive care and antiretroviral treatment. A total of 2085 individuals were enrolled in BAFI-1 and 363 in BAFI-2. The effectiveness indicators for BAFI-1 and BAFI-2, respectively, were HIV positive-confirmed prevalence = 0.29% and 3.86%, return rate for confirmatory results = 62.5% and 93.7%, return rate for comprehensive care = 83.3% and 92.8%, and ART initiation rate = 20% and 76.9%. Although more people were reached with BAFI-1, the community-led BAFI-2 was more effective at reaching individuals with a higher prevalence of behavioural risk factors for HIV infection.

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HIV testing and counselling in Colombia: evidence from a national health survey and recommendations for health-care services

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

HIV Testing Among MSM in Bogotá, Colombia: The Role of Structural and Individual Characteristics

HIV Testing Among MSM in Bogotá, Colombia: The Role of Structural and Individual Characteristics

Sex Work Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Bogotá

HIV Testing and Counselling in Colombia: Local Experience on Two Different Recruitment Strategies to Better Reach Low Socioeconomic Status Communities

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