Home range size and spatio-temporal dynamics of male sika deer (Cervus nippon; Cervidae, Artiodactyla) in an introduced population

Abstract

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Analysis of the Development and Spatial Distribution of Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) Populations on the Territory of the Czech Republic

“…So in the period 2003 -2010, the sika deer population locally living on the territory of the Czech Republic occupied 55 thousand ha of new territories every year, on average. These results correlate with the findings of studies by Dvořák et al (2014) …”

Habitat utilization distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon)

“…Some studies on the home range of deer have used the Brownian Bridge Model [ 35 ] (1163 ha) and MCP 100 % (280 ha [ 98 ], 2.69–17.55 ha [ 99 ]). It was observed that the male home ranges were more extensive than those of females [ 2 , 68 , 86 , 93 , 99 , 100 ], with an average ratio of 1.94 ± 0.25 ( Appendix A ) and a more extensive home range in winter (74–197 ha) than in summer (66–125 ha) [ 85 ].…”

“…The deer in the survey area had a mean UD of 66.831 ± 15.241 ha using the MCP approach and 78.324 ± 20.82 ha using the KD approach. The estimation process and constraints are different for each UD estimation method [ 35 , 40 , 84 ]. This study assessed UD solely using MCP and KD (at a bandwidth of 123.99) approaches that were statistically similar to those verified by the KS test for female deer.…”

“…Various UD estimation methods include convex polygons [ 63 , 64 ], Brownian bridges [ 65 ], geoellipses [ 66 ], line buffers [ 41 ], and kernel density (KD) methods [ [67] , [68] , [69] ]. Although KD estimators and minimum convex polygons (MCPs) have limitations and home range estimates are sensitive to time scale [ 70 ], sample size [ 71 , 72 ], and seasonal and spatial behavior variations [ 35 , 73 , 74 ], they have been widely applied (refer to the literature search). The UD in the current study was also analyzed using the MCP [ 75 ] and KD home range methods [ 68 ] as well as the "adehabitatHR" package, which is the most used package for spatial ecology analysis in the RStudio Version 3 environment [ 76 , 77 ].…”

“…Monitoring species behavior and inventory programs are essential for the generation and distribution of reliable data to formulate policy models, manage invasive species, and perform socioecological impact assessments [ 31 ]. Several studies have analyzed home ranges and deer behavior in various countries and regions [ [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] ]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the UDs of deer using available literature and experimental approaches.…”