Homicide Followed by Suicide: Paris and Its Suburbs, 1991–1996

Abstract

Homicide-suicides (HS) are relatively infrequent events. Yet, they are of great concern because they often result in the death of family members, young children, and cause additional morbidity, family disruption and childhood psychological trauma. The aims of our study were (a) to examine the sociodemographic, clinical, and autopsy characteristics of HS in Paris and its suburbs from 1991 through 1996, and (b) to analyze the psychodynamic determinants leading up to the onset of HS. Our findings are compared with those obtained in other international studies. For the purpose of the present study. HS was defined as a violent event in which an individual committed homicide and subsequently committed suicide within a few hours. The main results are as follows. During the six-year study period, 56 HS involving 133 victims were investigated at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Paris. Seventeen events occurred in Paris and 39 in its suburbs. Paris has a population of approximately 2,200,000 while its suburbs are home to another 8,500,000. Of the 56 offenders, 48 (85%) were males. The mean age of offenders was 51 years in males (range, 24 to 83) and 40.5 years in females (range, 33 to 56). In 45 events (80%), the offenders used a gun for both the homicide and suicide. A knife was used in only 4 murders, strangulation in 4 other cases, with poisoning, arson, or beating occurring in one case each. In 9 cases, the offender used a different weapon for homicide and suicide. Among firearms, handguns were more likely to be used (26 cases) than shotguns (6 cases) or rifles (13 cases). In 40 cases the offender killed one victim, in 11 cases 2 victims, and in 5 cases 3 victims. The homicide victims consisted of 34 children (21 boys), mean age 8 years (range, 1 to 16), 29 spouses (26 females), 2 girlfriends, 10 strangers, and 2 relatives. Five pets were killed. HS were most likely to be committed in the home. A suicide note was found near the victims in 29 cases (50% of events). In 42 cases the offender was found to be severely depressed. Familial HS were the most frequent events followed by suicidal pacts. When male sexual proprietariness and amorous jealousy were involved, the HS perpetrators acted often impulsively in carrying out the HS. There had been a chronically chaotic relationship and frequent physical violence and verbal threats. The triggering event was often the female withdrawal or estrangement. Only in a few cases, other motivations such as occupational or money problems were involved. Chronic alcoholism was found in 16 cases. In conclusion, the offender was more likely to be a male, severely depressed, violent and jealous who killed his spouse, and often his children, with impulsiveness, but after numerous threats. Our findings suggest that HS differ from both homicide and suicide and thus occupy a distinct epidemiological domain requiring specific prevention programs.

Psychiatric features in perpetrators of homicide-unsuccessful-suicide at Weskoppies Hospital in a 5-year period

“…[3] According to various researchers, HS perpetrators are typically older than homicide perpetrators and male and, in 75 -90% of cases they kill a current or ex-spouse or intimate partner. [9][10][11][12][13] In a South African study by Jena et al, spanning a 5-year period and involving 46 HS cases, 45 perpetrators were male and 1 female. The mean age of the perpetrators was 35.1 years.…”

“…[2] Our study reflects similar data: the average age of subjects was 33.4 years; 78% (7) subjects were male; and 67% (6) cases involved the alleged homicide of a current or ex-spouse or an intimate partner. [2,[9][10][11][12][13] According to the literature, female perpetrators most frequently kill their children (maternal filicide-suicide) and rarely kill adult victims. [4,9,10] In this study, both female subjects killed 1 or more of their children.…”

İkili Ölüm İki Olgu Bildirisi

“…‹kili ölümler genellikle aile içerisinde görülmekte olup s›kl›kla faillerin erkek, kurbanlar›n ise kad›n olmas› dikkat çekicidir (2)(3)(4)(5). Fail genellikle 40-50 yafllar›nda olup kad›n›n efli veya erkek arkadafl›d›r (6).…”

“…Milroy'un incelemifl oldu¤u 52 ikili ölüm olgusunda faillerin 49'unun erkek oldu¤u, olay›n nedeninin; % 46's›nda iliflkilerdeki bozulma ve çöküfl, % 21'inde ak›l hastal›¤›, % 11'inde fiziksel hastal›k, % 10'unda maddi s›k›nt›lar oldu¤u saptanm›fl olup bizim olgular›m›zla benzerlikler göstermek-tedir (12). ‹kili ölüm olgular›nda faillerde en s›k görülen ak›l hastal›klar›n›n, depresyon ve flizofreni oldu¤u bildirilmifltir (5,8). Olgular›m›zda faillerde herhangi bir ak›l hastal›¤› tan›mlanmam›flt›r.…”

Anne ve Çocuklarının Suda Boğulma Yöntemi ile İkili Ölümü Olgu Sunumu

“…Bu tür olaylarda kimi zaman tüm aile yok olur. Akıl hastalığı, aile içi ilişkilerin bozulması, kıskançlık, maddi sıkıntılar ve fiziksel hastalıklar en sık görülen sebeplerdir (1)(2)(3)(4).…”