Homocysteine as a trigger and potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases

Hu, Xiaosong; Wang, Jie‐Bing; Zhao, Yan; Fang, Yang; Chen, Cong; Ge, Mingwei; Xu, Yiqing; Gao, Zixiao; Pan, Hai‐Feng; Wang, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103389

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The growing recognition of differential methylation of DNA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease [121,122,123] and the linkage between autoimmune disease and elevated Hcy [124,125] raises the specter of increased autoimmune disease in those with MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) variants afflicted with LC. Indeed a recent meta analysis demonstrated a direct connection between MTHFR 677 C/T and 1298 A/C polymorphisms and increased risk of autoimmune disease [126].…”

Section: Magnesium and B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

W. Chambers

2024

JNNS

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The dermatological manifestations of Long Covid (LC) have languished in the shadows of chronic fatigue and brain fog. Yet they are all linked by gut dysbiosis and the cytokine triad of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The gut microbiome common not only to LC, psoriasis, AA, and vitiligo but also to neurodegenerative disease has been recently described. This gut microbiome induces an altered tryptophan metabolism linked to autoimmune disease. SARS CoV2, Mycobacteria, and many intestinal parasites protectively upregulate IFN-γ (less Covid in BCG and in subSaharan Africa), triggering the characteristic altered tryptophan metabolism and curtailing synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. Chronic inflammation due to persistent spike protein S exhausts IFN-γ and leads to gut dysbiosis and autoimmune risk. Butyrate immunomodulates IFN-γ and TGF-β, which counterbalance each other (reciprocal relationship). Low IFN-γ (LC) translates to high TGF-β (organ fibrosis). This review suggests that an etiologic prebiotic (d-mannose)/probiotic (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria)/postbiotic (butyrate) approach to autoimmune skin disease that improves intestinal barrier integrity and that suppresses the triad of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β may enhance or even eliminate the traditional immunotherapy of targeted monoclonal antibodies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids. Health benefits of this approach extend well beyond suppression of autoimmune skin disease. Societal benefits include relief to those most affected - women (LC), especially of color (AA, psoriasis, vitiligo).

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Section: Magnesium and B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

W. Chambers

2024

JNNS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The growing recognition of differential methylation of DNA and RNA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease [116][117][118] and the linkage between autoimmune disease and elevated Hcy [119,120] raises the specter of increased autoimmune disease in those with MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) variants afflicted with LC. Indeed a recent meta analysis demonstrated a direct connection between MTHFR 677 C/T and 1298 A/C polymorphisms and increased risk of autoimmune disease [121].…”

Section: Magnesium and B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Chambers,

Chambers

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dermatological manifestations of Long Covid (LC) have languished in the shadows of chronic fatigue and brain fog. Yet they are all linked by gut dysbiosis and the cytokine triad of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The gut microbiome common not only to LC, psoriasis, AA, and vitiligo but also to neurodegenerative disease has been recently described. This gut microbiome induces an altered tryptophan metabolism linked to autoimmune disease. SARS CoV2 invades enterochromaffin cells rich in ACE2 receptors and curtails absorption of the essential amino acid tryptophan and subsequent synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. This review suggests that an etiologic prebiotic (d-mannose)/probiotic (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria)/postbiotic (butyrate) approach to autoimmune skin disease that improves intestinal barrier integrity and that suppresses the triad of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β may enhance or even eliminate the traditional immunotherapy of targeted monoclonal antibodies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids. Health benefits of this approach extend well beyond suppression of autoimmune skin disease.

show abstract

“…The growing recognition of differential methylation of DNA in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease 116,117,118 and the linkage between autoimmune disease and elevated Hcy 119,120 raises the specter of increased autoimmune disease in those with MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) variants afflicted with LC. Indeed a recent meta analysis demonstrated a direct connection between MTHFR 677 C/T and 1298 A/C polymorphisms and increased risk of autoimmune disease 121 .…”

Section: Magnesium and B Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Chambers,

Chambers

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dermatological manifestations of Long Covid (LC) have languished in the shadows of chronic fatigue and brain fog. Yet they are all linked by gut dysbiosis and the cytokine triad of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. The gut microbiome common not only to LC, psoriasis, AA, and vitiligo but also to neurodegenerative disease has been recently described. This gut microbiome induces an altered tryptophan metabolism linked to autoimmune disease. SARS CoV2 invades enterochromaffin cells rich in ACE2 receptors and curtails absorption of the essential amino acid tryptophan and subsequent synthesis of serotonin and melatonin. This review suggests that an etiologic prebiotic (d-mannose)/probiotic (lactobacilli, bifidobacteria)/postbiotic (butyrate) approach to autoimmune skin disease that improves intestinal barrier integrity and that suppresses the triad of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β may enhance or even eliminate the traditional immunotherapy of targeted monoclonal antibodies, Janus kinase inhibitors, and steroids. Health benefits of this approach extend well beyond suppression of autoimmune skin disease.

show abstract

Homocysteine as a trigger and potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Long Covid, the Gut, and Autoimmune Skin Diseases: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

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