Homologous direct repeat sequences associated with mercury, methicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance determinants in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Gillespie, Matthew T.; Lyon, B. R.; Loo, L. S. L.; Matthews, Peter; Stewart, P. R.; Skurray, Ronald A.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02117.x

Cited by 55 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Both the plasmid from S. aureus (CP042083) and C. jejuni (CP048762) encoded antibiotic resistance genes that were also observed in the near proximity of the clade 1.1 chromosomally encoded tet(L)1.1 in S. aureus NX-T55 (CP031839) and C. jejuni ZJB020 (CP048769; Figure 2A). This indicates that parts of these bigger tet(L)1.1-carrying plasmids might have the ability to integrate into the chromosome, which previously have been reported for tet(L) and tet(K) genes (Gillespie et al, 1987;.…”

Section: Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Bacillus Velezensis and Bacillus ...supporting

confidence: 73%

“…The fact that both plasmid and chromosomally encoded Tet(L)1.1 genes associated with mobile genetic elements cluster together in clade 1.1 is supported by the findings that tet (L) and tet (K) genes from plasmids have been found integrated into the chromosome of staphylococci ( Gillespie et al, 1987 ) and B. subtilis ( Sakaguchi et al, 1988 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The Tet efflux proteins are divided into six groups based on their amino acid identity and Tet(L) belong to group 2 together with Tet(K). Both Tet(L) and Tet(K) differ from the other Tet efflux classes by coding for proteins with 14 predicted transmembrane α-helices instead of 12, and are found primarily in Gram-positive bacteria positioned on small transmissible plasmids sometimes integrated into the chromosome ( Gillespie et al, 1987 ; Sakaguchi et al, 1988 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic tet(L) sub-class in Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is associated with a reduced susceptibility toward tetracycline

Nøhr-Meldgaard

Struve²,

Ingmer³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Annotations of non-pathogenic bacterial genomes commonly reveal putative antibiotic resistance genes and the potential risks associated with such genes is challenging to assess. We have examined a putative tetracycline tet(L) gene (conferring low level tetracycline resistance), present in the majority of all publicly available genomes of the industrially important operational group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens including the species B. amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus siamensis and Bacillus velezensis. The aim was to examine the risk of transfer of the putative tet(L) in operational group B. amyloliquefaciens through phylogenetic and genomic position analysis. These analyses furthermore included tet(L) genes encoded by transferable plasmids and other Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis. Through phylogenetic analysis, we could group chromosomally and plasmid-encoded tet(L) genes into four phylogenetic clades. The chromosomally encoded putative tet(L) from operational group B. amyloliquefaciens formed a separate phylogenetic clade; was positioned in the same genomic region in the three species; was not flanked by mobile genetic elements and was not found in any other bacterial species suggesting that the gene has been present in a common ancestor before species differentiation and is intrinsic. Therefore the gene is not considered a safety concern, and the risk of transfer to and expression of resistance in other non-related species is considered negligible. We suggest a subgrouping of the tet(L) class into four groups (tet(L)1.1, tet(L)1.2 and tet(L)2.1, tet(L)2.2), corresponding with the phylogenetic grouping and tet(L) from operational group B. amyloliquefaciens referred to as tet(L)2.2. Phylogenetic analysis is a useful tool to correctly differentiate between intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance genes.

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Section: Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens Bacillus Velezensis and Bacillus ...supporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic tet(L) sub-class in Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is associated with a reduced susceptibility toward tetracycline

Nøhr-Meldgaard

Struve²,

Ingmer³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…tetK is found on small mobilizable plasmids, which can be integrated into the Staphylococcus chromosome or into larger staphylococcal plasmids (Gillespie et al, 1987; Needham et al, 1994; Roberts, 2005). tetO and tetK can be found on pT181-like small mobilizable plasmids (Khan and Novick, 1983; Chopra and Roberts, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Forming Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated From Surfaces on the International Space Station

et al. 2019

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The International Space Station (ISS) is a closed habitat in a uniquely extreme and hostile environment. Due to these special conditions, the human microflora can undergo unusual changes and may represent health risks for the crew. To address this problem, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of AGXX®, a novel surface coating consisting of micro-galvanic elements of silver and ruthenium along with examining the activity of a conventional silver coating. The antimicrobial materials were exposed on the ISS for 6, 12, and 19 months each at a place frequently visited by the crew. Bacteria that survived on the antimicrobial coatings [AGXX® and silver (Ag)] or the uncoated stainless steel carrier (V2A, control material) were recovered, phylogenetically affiliated and characterized in terms of antibiotic resistance (phenotype and genotype), plasmid content, biofilm formation capacity and antibiotic resistance transferability. On all three materials, surviving bacteria were dominated by Gram-positive bacteria and among those by Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Enterococcus spp. The novel antimicrobial surface coating proved to be highly effective. The conventional Ag coating showed only little antimicrobial activity. Microbial diversity increased with increasing exposure time on all three materials. The number of recovered bacteria decreased significantly from V2A to V2A-Ag to AGXX®. After 6 months exposure on the ISS no bacteria were recovered from AGXX®, after 12 months nine and after 19 months three isolates were obtained. Most Gram-positive pathogenic isolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to more than three antibiotics). Sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and ampicillin resistance were most prevalent. An Enterococcus faecalis strain recovered from V2A steel after 12 months exposure exhibited the highest number of resistances (n = 9). The most prevalent resistance genes were ermC (erythromycin resistance) and tetK (tetracycline resistance). Average transfer frequency of erythromycin, tetracycline and gentamicin resistance from selected ISS isolates was 10−5 transconjugants/recipient. Most importantly, no serious human pathogens such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) were found on any surface. Thus, the infection risk for the crew is low, especially when antimicrobial surfaces such as AGXX® are applied to surfaces prone to microbial contamination.

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Molecular Evolution of Multiply‐Antibiotic‐Resistant Staphylococci

Skurray

Firth

2007

Ciba Foundation Symposium 207 ‐ Antibiotic Resistance: Origins, Evolution, Selection and Spread

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Homologous direct repeat sequences associated with mercury, methicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance determinants inStaphylococcus aureus

Cited by 55 publications

References 16 publications

Intrinsic tet(L) sub-class in Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is associated with a reduced susceptibility toward tetracycline

Intrinsic tet(L) sub-class in Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is associated with a reduced susceptibility toward tetracycline

Biofilm Forming Antibiotic Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated From Surfaces on the International Space Station

Molecular Evolution of Multiply‐Antibiotic‐Resistant Staphylococci

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