Hookworm Anemia in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient in China

Wu, Fuquan; Xu, Ying; Xia, Min; Ying, Guanghui; Shou, Zhangfei

doi:10.3347/kjp.2016.54.3.315

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the current study, the highest rates of thyroid diseases were reported in women with seropositive Toxoplasma antibodies, rather than seronegative ones. This finding was similar to those in studies conducted by Wu et al 15 and Alkhamesi 24 . In the current study, we reported an association between T. gondii with thyroid disorders and AITD; Alkhamesi et al 24 corroborated our findings that T. gondii is associated with thyroid disorders, showing a significant decrease in T3 and T4 levels and an increase in TSH levels among seropositive Toxoplasma women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…14 Consequently, hypothyroidism leads to weight gain, cold sensitivity, hair loss, and slow heart rates, whereas hyperthyroidism causes sweating, anxiety, fatigue, and weight loss. 15 Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) occurs following a dysregulation in immune tolerance in which the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland and hormones, causing damage and disruption to this hormone system. Specific auto antibodies are formed in AITD which targeting thyroid antigens; these antibodies are, consequently, observed in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Toxoplasmosis in Association with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy in Duhok, Iraq

Murad¹,

Eassa²

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is widely distributed in the human population and is responsible for corresponding global morbidity. Specifically, T. gondii causes toxoplasmosis, leading to miscarriage, stillbirth, and neural disorders. This parasite attacks different human organs and glands, such as the thyroid gland, and causes various corresponding health issues. Recently, studies have established a link between T. gondii and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), which contributes to preterm delivery, miscarriage, low birth weight, and death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its association with AITD among pregnant women. A total of 180 blood samples were collected from pregnant women and examined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The patients were within the age range of 15–50 years old, and lived in Duhok City, Iraq; samples and clinical information was collected from August 2021 to February 2022. The corresponding blood samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody, Toxoplasma IgG avidity, FT3, FT4, and TSH hormones, and TPO, Tg, and TSHR antibodies. Overall, our results showed that out of 180 pregnant women, 110 (61.1%) were seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody; specifically, 25 (22.7%) and 85 (77.3%) had recent and past infections, respectively. Approximately 54.4% (98) of the pregnant women had thyroid disorders; further, 22 (12.2%), 13 (7.2%), and 8 (4.4%) women had TPO, Tg, and TSHR antibodies, respectively. A total of 43 (23.8%) patients screened positive for AITD. Out of the 110 Toxoplasma IgG–positive women, 35 (31.8%) had AITD. The older women, rural residents, restaurant food consumers, and women with cat contact had relatively high infection rates. Toxoplasma seropositive women had more elevated autoantibodies than seronegative ones. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a high rate of toxoplasmosis and a corresponding association with thyroid hormones changes and AITD in pregnant women in Duhok, Iraq. Further, it is necessary to reduce overall infection rates through effective health and educational programs. Therefore, it is essential to measure Toxoplasma antibodies, screen for thyroid hormones and autoantibodies, and encourage gynecologist visits to reduce the risks to mothers and fetuses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Toxoplasmosis in Association with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy in Duhok, Iraq

Murad¹,

Eassa²

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Although an association between acute cerebral infarction and anemia has been reported [3], ironde ciency anemia is still not generally recognized as a potential risk factor of the ischemic stroke. Approximately 10% of the patients infected by hookworms experienced anemia [4], which is most strongly associated with moderate to severe hookworm infection in both adults and children. Adult hookworms inhabit the small intestine, ingest red blood and intestinal epithelial cells, causing ironde ciency anemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Hookworm Anemia.

Jin¹,

Huang²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Hookworm disease discovered in a patient presenting with cerebral infarction due to severe iron-deficiency anemia and confirmed by gastroduodenoscopy has not been reported especially with negative stool routine. Case presentation: We report a male patient who presented himself to us with acute cerebral stroke verified as hookworm disease. Routine laboratory tests revealed low Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration but stool routine and occult blood test were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed left-sided parietal-occipital lobe and centrum semiovale (“watershed”) infarction verified the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Bone marrow aspiration showed proliferative bone marrow image with obvious red system hyperplasia. Gastroduodenoscopy discovered adult hematophagic hookworms in the bulb and descending part of duodenum of the patient. A series of conservative drug treatment was initiated and the patient was subsequently treated with albendazole after the gastroduodenoscopy. Twenty-five days later, the patient's physical function improved gradually and he was discharged without neurological deficit. Conclusion: Hookworm disease could be manifest in acute ischemic stroke. It was concluded that patients with severe iron-deficiency anemia should also be examined for rare intestinal parasitic diseases. Screening for these intestinal parasitic diseases in patients presenting with cerebral infarction and anemia could effectively avoid misdiagnosis and make increase the efficacy of treatment.

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“…Acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to hookworm infections was rarely described previously. However, in developing countries especially in the tropics, worm infection should be considered an important cause of obscure acute gastrointestinal bleeding [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hookworm Infection Caused Acute Intestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Capsule: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2017

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Hookworm infections are rare causes of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We report a middle aged man with primary nephrotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism. During the treatment with steroids and anticoagulants, the patient presented acute massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract. The results of gastroscopy showed red worms in the duodenum. Colonoscopy and CT angiogram of abdomen were unremarkable. Capsule endoscopy revealed fresh blood and multiple hookworms in the jejunum and ileum. Hookworms caused the acute intestinal bleeding. The patient responded well to albendazole. Hematochezia was markedly ameliorated after eliminating the parasites. Hence, hookworm infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Capsule endoscopy may offer a better means of diagnosis for intestinal hookworm infections.

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Hookworm Anemia in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient in China

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Detection of Toxoplasmosis in Association with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy in Duhok, Iraq

Detection of Toxoplasmosis in Association with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy in Duhok, Iraq

A Case of Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Hookworm Anemia.

Hookworm Infection Caused Acute Intestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Capsule: A Case Report and Literature Review

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