Hop pellets type 90: ESEM studies of glandular trichomes morphological and structural changes during the different phases of hop processing

Srečec, Siniša; Zechner-Krpan, Vesna; Marag, Sanja; Mršić, Gordan; Špoljarić, Igor

doi:10.1556/aalim.40.2011.2.12

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Forced air drying in an oven disrupted the cuticle of the glandular head and caused a reduction in essential oil content as compared to air-drying at lower temperatures, such as that conducted for cannabis. In hop cones, drying and post-harvest processing was also reported to cause damage to the glandular trichomes as observed using scanning electron microscopy (Srečec et al 2011a ). There have been no previous studies to assess the impact of commercial drying conditions on the integrity of trichomes in Cannabis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences

2023

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Background Glandular capitate trichomes which form on bract tissues of female inflorescences of high THC-containing Cannabis sativa L. plants are important sources of terpenes and cannabinoids. The influence of plant age and cannabis genotype on capitate trichome development, morphology, and maturation has not been extensively studied. Knowledge of the various developmental changes that occur in trichomes over time and the influence of genotype and plant age on distribution, numbers, and morphological features should lead to a better understanding of cannabis quality and consistency. Methods Bract tissues of two genotypes—“Moby Dick” and “Space Queen”—were examined from 3 weeks to 8 weeks of flower development using light and scanning electron microscopy. Numbers of capitate trichomes on upper and lower bract surfaces were recorded at different positions within the inflorescence. Observations on distribution, extent of stalk formation, glandular head diameter, production of resin, and extent of dehiscence and senescence were made at various time points. The effects of post-harvesting handling and drying on trichome morphology were examined in an additional five genotypes. Results Two glandular trichome types—bulbous and capitate (sessile or stalked)—were observed. Capitate trichome numbers and stalk length were significantly (P = 0.05) greater in “Space Queen” compared to “Moby Dick” at 3 and 6 weeks of flower development. Significantly more stalked-capitate trichomes were present on lower compared to upper bract surfaces at 6 weeks in both genotypes, while sessile-capitate trichomes predominated at 3 weeks. Epidermal and hypodermal cells elongated to different extents during stalk formation, producing significant variation in length (from 20 to 1100 μm). Glandular heads ranged from 40 to 110 μm in diameter. Maturation of stalked-capitate glandular heads was accompanied by a brown color development, reduced UV autofluorescence, and head senescence and dehiscence. Secreted resinous material from glandular heads appeared as droplets on the cuticular surface that caused many heads to stick together or collapse. Trichome morphology was affected by the drying process. Conclusion Capitate trichome numbers, development, and degree of maturation were influenced by cannabis genotype and plant age. The observations of trichome development indicate that asynchronous formation leads to different stages of trichome maturity on bracts. Trichome stalk lengths also varied between the two genotypes selected for study as well as over time. The variability in developmental stage and maturation between genotypes can potentially lead to variation in total cannabinoid levels in final product. Post-harvest handling and drying were shown to affect trichome morphology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences

2023

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An accurate approach to assessing the hop particle size and its filtration behavior during dry hopping

Kupetz

Backes

Ramsauer

et al. 2019

Eur Food Res Technol

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The Czech hop hybrid variety - Part I.

Krofta¹,

Patzak²,

Nesvadba³

et al. 2013

Kvasny Prum

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Odrůda Vital byla registrována v roce 2008. Geneticky je nejvíce příbuzná další české odrůdě Agnus. Výnosový potenciál je 2 až 2,5 t/ha. Obsahem alfa kyselin v intervalu 10 až 15 % hm. se odrůda Vital řadí mezi hořké chmele. Vysoký je i obsah beta kyselin v rozmezí 6 až 10 % hm. stejně jako obsah chmelových silic, 1,5-2,5 g/100 g. Složení silic je typické obsahem farnesenu a humulenu do 5 % rel. a vysokým obsahem selinenů v intervalu 7-15 % rel. Nejvýznamnějším znakem odrůdy Vital je vysoký obsah desmethylxanthohumolu (DMX). DMX je znám jako prekurzor 8-prenylnaringeninu, vysoce účinného fytoestrogenu. Díky vysokému obsahu této látky je odrůda Vital perspektivní i pro nepivovarské využití např. ve farmacii či pro výrobu doplňků stravy. V zelených hlávkách činí obsah DMX až 0,50-0,70 % hm. Vzhledem k omezené stabilitě DMX dochází již při sušení k poměrně významným ztrátám, při provozních teplotách sušení 55-60 °C činí ztráta DMX více než 30 % rel. Pro využití k nepivovarským účelům bude nutno použít specifické režimy zpracování zeleného chmele jako je šetrné sušení v komorových sušárnách a uskladnění sušeného chmele v klimatizovaných skladech až do finálního zpracování-granulace nebo extrakce.

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Hop pellets type 90: ESEM studies of glandular trichomes morphological and structural changes during the different phases of hop processing

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences

Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences

An accurate approach to assessing the hop particle size and its filtration behavior during dry hopping

The Czech hop hybrid variety - Part I.

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