Hope Mediates the Relation between Income and Subjective Well-Being

Pleeging, Emma; Burger, Martijn; Exel, Job van

doi:10.1007/s10902-020-00309-6

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…SFH alone mediates most of the effect of OFH on LS, with a moderate indirect effect between B = -0.37 and B = -0.40 depending on the model (representing 75-81% of the total effect of OFH). Our findings are consistent with recent literature indicating that hope only partially mediates the relationship between financial hardship and LS (63,67). We are unaware of any previous study testing a two-level mediation model to examine the relationships between OFH and SFH, hope, and LS.…”

Section: Supplemental Security Income or Social Security Disability I...supporting

confidence: 91%

“…A recent longitudinal study found that hope mediates the association between income and LS among moderate-income individuals and between income and happiness among high-income individuals. Hope agency was a stronger predictor than hope pathways (67). In another study, hope mediated the relationship between SFH and depression, stress, and wellbeing (63).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Another important construct in this nexus of associations related to financial hardship and LS is a sense of hope, which may also mediate their association (66,67). Snyder's Hope Theory defines hope as a positive motivational state resulting from two interrelated sets of cognitions: pathways and agency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial Hardship, Hope, and Life Satisfaction Among Un/Underemployed Individuals With Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Mediation Analysis

Jiménez-Solomon

Primrose²,

Moon³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundIndividuals with psychiatric diagnoses who are unemployed or underemployed are likely to disproportionately experience financial hardship and, in turn, lower life satisfaction (LS). Understanding the mechanisms though which financial hardship affects LS is essential to inform effective economic empowerment interventions for this population.AimTo examine if subjective financial hardship (SFH) mediates the relationship between objective financial hardship (OFH) and LS, and whether hope, and its agency and pathways components, further mediate the effect of SFH on LS among individuals with psychiatric diagnoses seeking employment.MethodsWe conducted structured interviews with participants (N = 215) of two peer-run employment programs using indicators of OFH and SFH and standardized scales for hope (overall hope, hope agency, and hope pathways) and LS. Three structural equation models were employed to test measurement models for OFH and SFH, and mediational relationships. Covariates included gender, age, psychiatric diagnosis, race/ethnicity, education, income, employment status, SSI/SSDI receipt, and site.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for items measuring OFH and SFH supported two separate hypothesized factors. OFH had a strong and significant total effect on SFH [standardized beta (B) = 0.68] and LS (B = 0.49), and a weak-to-moderate effect on hope (B = –0.31). SFH alone mediated up to 94% of the effect of OFH on LS (indirect effect B = –0.46, p < 0.01). The effect of SFH on LS through hope was small (indirect effect B = –0.09, p < 0.05), primarily through hope agency (indirect effect B = –0.13, p < 0.01) and not hope pathways. Black and Hispanic ethno-racial identification seemed to buffer the effect of financial hardship on hope and LS. Individuals identifying as Black reported significantly higher overall hope (B = 0.41–0.47) and higher LS (B = 0.29–0.46), net of the effect of OFH and SFH.ConclusionSFH is a strong mediator of the relationship between OFH and LS in our study of unemployed and underemployed individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. Hope, and particularly its agency component, further mediate a modest but significant proportion of the association between SFH and LS. Economic empowerment interventions for this population should address objective and subjective financial stressors, foster a sense of agency, and consider the diverse effects of financial hardship across ethno-racial groups.

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Section: Supplemental Security Income or Social Security Disability I...supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Financial Hardship, Hope, and Life Satisfaction Among Un/Underemployed Individuals With Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Mediation Analysis

Jiménez-Solomon

Primrose²,

Moon³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Firstly, we expect that a change in income could be related to higher levels of hope, since a higher income allows us to make use of more resources to achieve our hopes (Pleeging et al 2021a). However, this relation only shows up in the model using income to predict the short version of the ATHS (regression coefficient 0.17* and 0.27* on a scale of 1-7 for incomes changing to between €1800 and €3200 and to over €3200 respectively).…”

Section: Hypothesis Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring hope: validity of short versions of four popular hope scales

Pleeging

2022

Qual Quant

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Popular hope-instruments differ significantly in how they define hope. Due to their length, these instruments are rarely used in large-scale surveys or combined in interdisciplinary research. This study validates short versions of four hope instruments; the Adult Trait Hope Scale; Herth Hope Index; Locus Of Hope Scale; and spiritual dimension of the Comprehensive Hope Scale. Results show that the short versions function equally well as their longer counterparts. However, all scales show remarkably low correlations with similar concepts such as a single-item-hope-question and expectations. We argue that hope is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and that each of these instrument covers only one part of the experience, meaning that combining these instruments would yield more comprehensive insights. Moreover, cross-cultural comparison indicates that the social LOHS and spiritual CHS are less important in the Netherlands compared to Mexico. These findings suggest that different instruments might be more relevant in different contexts.

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“…Second, economic crises can have psychological effects and lead to loss of hope and trust and decline in expectations. Disappointment with government policies, lower future economic expectations, and loss of hope (Pleeging et al, 2020) can also negatively affect SWB. Income expectations and feelings of financial security are strongly associated with SWB, and at times can even be more important than objective measures of current income (e.g., Frijters et al, 2012;Arampatzi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Swb and Economic Decline In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of Brazil's Subjective Well-Being: A Tale of Growing Discontent and Polarization in the 2010s

Burger¹,

Hendriks²,

Ianchovichina³

2022

Policy Research Working Papers

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Hope Mediates the Relation between Income and Subjective Well-Being

Cited by 18 publications

References 85 publications

Financial Hardship, Hope, and Life Satisfaction Among Un/Underemployed Individuals With Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Mediation Analysis

Financial Hardship, Hope, and Life Satisfaction Among Un/Underemployed Individuals With Psychiatric Diagnoses: A Mediation Analysis

Measuring hope: validity of short versions of four popular hope scales

Anatomy of Brazil's Subjective Well-Being: A Tale of Growing Discontent and Polarization in the 2010s

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