We read with great interest the recent article by Valtonen et al. presenting the subjective experiences of healthy male volunteers receiving 50% nitrous oxide (N 2 O) for a period of 20 min. 1 Using inductive content analysis, the authors identified five categories, namely dreamlike states, heightened emotions, distorted perception, accented sense of surroundings, and bodily sensation. 1 Anxiety and fear of losing control emerged as key subcategories of the heightened emotions category. 1 Valtonen et al. present their study as the first quantitative content analysis of healthy volunteers receiving N 2 O. 1 Notwithstanding