Horizontal Saccade Dynamics After Childhood Monocular Enucleation

González, Esther G.; Lillakas, Linda; Lam, Alexander; Gallie, Brenda L.; Steinbach, Martin J.

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12481

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For the enucleated observers, the superiority of rightward pursuit diminishes with age, which could be attributed to an initial effect of literacy. Consistent with previously published data on saccades (González et al, 2013), the present study shows that the horizontal smooth pursuit of enucleated observers is comparable to that of controls.…”

Section: Smooth Pursuitsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We recently showed that the horizontal saccades of enucleated observers are comparable to those of binocularly normal controls in terms of accuracy and peak velocity and comparable to the controls' monocular saccades which are slightly slower than their binocular saccades (González et al, 2013). These data suggest that the early enucleation does not result in slower visual processing in the afferent (sensory) pathway, or in deficits in the efferent or motor pathways of the saccadic system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Unaffected smooth pursuit but impaired motion perception in monocularly enucleated observers

et al. 2014

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The objective of this paper was to study the characteristics of closed-loop smooth pursuit eye movements of 15 unilaterally eye enucleated individuals and 18 age-matched controls and to compare them to their performance in two tests of motion perception: relative motion and motion coherence. The relative motion test used a brief (150 ms) small stimulus with a continuously present fixation target to preclude pursuit eye movements. The duration of the motion coherence trials was 1s, which allowed a brief pursuit of the stimuli. Smooth pursuit data were obtained with a step-ramp procedure. Controls were tested both monocularly and binocularly. The data showed worse performance by the enucleated observers in the relative motion task but no statistically significant differences in motion coherence between the two groups. On the other hand, the smooth pursuit gain of the enucleated participants was as good as that of controls for whom we found no binocular advantage. The data show that enucleated observers do not exhibit deficits in the afferent or sensory pathways or in the efferent or motor pathways of the steady-state smooth pursuit system even though their visual processing of motion is impaired.

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Section: Smooth Pursuitsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Unaffected smooth pursuit but impaired motion perception in monocularly enucleated observers

et al. 2014

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“…170–172 However, clinical and animal studies suggest that repeated anaesthesia of young children, such as is necessary for eye salvage and to discover and treat small tumours, may impair neurocognitive development. 138,173,174 Clearly the long-term development of retinoblastoma survivors is an important area for future study, to both guide future care of newly diagnosed children and survivors, and learn about human development.…”

Section: Quality Of Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma

Dimaras

Corson

Cobrinik

et al. 2015

Nat Rev Dis Primers

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466

390

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Retinoblastoma is a rare cancer of the infant retina, which forms when both RB1 alleles mutate in a susceptible retinal cell, likely a cone photoreceptor precursor. Loss of the tumour suppressor functions of the retinoblastoma protein, pRB, leads to uncontrolled cell division and recurrent genomic changes during tumour progression. Although pRB is expressed in virtually all tissues, cone precursors have biochemical and molecular features that may sensitize to RB1 loss to enable tumourigenesis. Retinoblastoma is diagnosed in ~8,000 children each year worldwide. Patient survival is >95% in high-income countries, but <30% globally. However, outcomes are improving through increasing awareness for earlier diagnosis, new guidelines and sharing of expertise. Intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapy have emerged as promising methods to salvage eyes. Ongoing international collaborations will replace the multiple different classifications of eye involvement with standardized definitions to consistently assess eligibility, efficacy and safety of treatment options. Life-long follow-up is warranted since survivors of heritable retinoblastoma are at risk for developing second cancers. Defining the molecular consequences of RB1 loss in diverse tissues may open new avenues for treatment and prevention of retinoblastoma as well as second cancers in patients with germline RB1 mutations.

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“…[73][74][75][76][77] Further, enucleated adults display a different pattern of ocular motor function compared to binocularly intact controls; asymmetrical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) favoring nasalward motion 78 but have normal saccades and stable fixation. 79,80 The complete deafferentation of visual input from one eye in enucleation results in the removal of binocular interactions and competition during visual development, and thus may be different than the binocularly discordant information present in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia.…”

Section: What Causes Fellow Eye Deficits In Amblyopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia

Birch

Kelly

Giaschi

2019

Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility

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Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual system, as a result of discordant visual experience during infancy or early childhood. Because amblyopia is typically defined as monocularly reduced visual acuity accompanied by one or more known amblyogenic factors, it is often assumed that the fellow eye is normal and sufficient for tasks like reading and eye-hand coordination. Recent scientific evidence of ocular motor, visual, and visuomotor deficits that are present with fellow eye monocular viewing and with binocular viewing calls this assumption into question. This clinical update reviews the research that has revealed fellow ocular motor and visual deficits and the effect that these deficits have on an amblyopic child's visuomotor and visuocognitive skills. We need to understand how to prevent and rehabilitate the effects of amblyopia not only on the nonpreferred eye but also on the fellow eye.

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Horizontal Saccade Dynamics After Childhood Monocular Enucleation

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Unaffected smooth pursuit but impaired motion perception in monocularly enucleated observers

Unaffected smooth pursuit but impaired motion perception in monocularly enucleated observers

Retinoblastoma

Fellow Eye Deficits in Amblyopia

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