Hormesis as a biological hypothesis.

Calabrese, Edward J.; Baldwin, Linda A.

doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s1357

Cited by 150 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The stress can come in many forms, ranging from compounds that inhibit cellular function, to hypoxia, to starvation, radiation and critically, physical activity. This concept became known as "hormesis" [73]. Thus one of the key organelles in sensing stress is the mitochondrion, which has given rise to the concept of "mitohormesis" [74,75].…”

Section: What Hormesis Tells Us; Order From Chaosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

Nunn¹,

Guy²,

Bell³

2017

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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We are able to read this because of quantum and thermodynamic principles that via an inorganic proton gradient, possibly generated 4.2 billion years ago, gave rise to a system that has an awareness of time and space by using energy to integrate information. Life can be described as a dissipative system driven by an energy gradient that uses information to positively reinforce its self-sustaining structure, which in turn increases its non-linear decisional capacity. Key in the evolution of life has been stress coupled to natural selection, which usually meant an increased demand for energy. As hormesis describes the adaptive response to stress, we propose that hormesis embraces not only the evolution of life, but that of intelligence itself, as natural selection would favour systems that enhances its efficiency. A component of the hormetic response in eukaryotes is the mitochondrion, which itself relies on quantum effects such as tunnelling. This suggests that quantum effects control the stability of individual cells as well as long-lived cellular networks. Hormesis, which can be anti-inflammatory, is therefore key in maintaining the functional stability of complex systems, including the brain. In contrast, a lack of classical hormetic factors, such as physical activity, plant polyphenols, or calorie restriction, will lead to accelerated cognitive decline, which is associated with increased inflammation. However, there may be another previously unidentified factor that could also be considered hormetic, and that is thinking itself. Here we propose that the process of "thinking", and managing complex movement, induces "stress" in the neuronal system and is therefore in itself part of maintaining cognitive health and reserve throughout life. In effect, the right amount of thinking and information processing can beneficially induce adaptation, and this itself could be explainable by quantum thermodynamics.

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Section: What Hormesis Tells Us; Order From Chaosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

Nunn¹,

Guy²,

Bell³

2017

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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“…ACE has zinc attached to both active sites, which can be changed by other metals. The fact that at higher concentrations ACE is inhibited is also explained by another phenomenon called hormesis (60). Hormesis explains why toxic agents and venoms can activate or reduce their effects and as concentrations change the effects turn in the opposite direction.…”

Section: Effects Of Mercury Lead and Gadolinium On Ace Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic effects of mercury, lead and gadolinium on vascular reactivity

Vassallo

Simões

Furieri

et al. 2011

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Heavy metals have been used in a wide variety of human activities that have significantly increased both professional and environmental exposure. Unfortunately, disasters have highlighted the toxic effects of metals on different organs and systems. Over the last 50 years, the adverse effects of chronic lead, mercury and gadolinium exposure have been underscored. Mercury and lead induce hypertension in humans and animals, affecting endothelial function in addition to their other effects. Increased cardiovascular risk after exposure to metals has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms, mainly for short periods of time and at low concentrations, have not been well explored. The presence of other metals such as gadolinium has raised concerns about contrast-induced nephropathy and, interestingly, despite this negative action, gadolinium has not been defined as a toxic agent. The main actions of these metals, demonstrated in animal and human studies, are an increase of free radical production and oxidative stress and stimulation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity, among others. Increased vascular reactivity, highlighted in the present review, resulting from these actions might be an important mechanism underlying increased cardiovascular risk. Finally, the results described in this review suggest that mercury, lead and gadolinium, even at low doses or concentrations, affect vascular reactivity. Acting via the endothelium, by continuous exposure followed by their absorption, they can increase the production of free radicals and of angiotensin II, representing a hazard for cardiovascular function. In addition, the actual reference values, considered to pose no risk, need to be reducedResearch supported by CAPES and CNPq/FAPES/ FUNCITEC (#39767531/07), Brazil, and MCINN (#SAF 2009-07201) and ISCIII (Red RECAVA, #RD06/0014/0011), Spai

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“…Given the age-specific effects of dietary restriction on functional state, imposing dietary restriction late in life might not provide the same functional benefits as when applied at early ages [24] . Similarly, geroprotective interventions seem to be more effective if they are applied early rather than late in life [9,23] . For instance, application of the geroprotector 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine hydrochloride at the larval stage resulted in a 18-20% increase in mean life span for both sexes in Drosophila melanogaster.…”

Section: Life Extension Patterns By Anti-aging Drugs and By Hormetic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hormesis is the concept that mild stimulation that is harmful at high doses can up-regulate physiological/biochemical processes in the body to produce an adaptive beneficial response at lower doses [8] . Chemical hormesis was observed in a wide range of taxonomic groups and involved agents representing highly diverse chemical classes [9] . In experimental studies, chemical hormesis was repeatedly exhibited by feeding of antibiotics, herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, hydrocarbons, ethanol, solvents and several other classes of chemicals in various organisms, including plants, viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, fish, birds, rodents and primates [10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Extension by Anti-Aging Drugs: Hormetic Explanation?

Vaiserman¹

2008

American J. of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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A number of chemicals including antioxidants, vitamins and hormones are widely advertised as anti-aging drugs (geroprotectors). It is usually believed that life-extending capacity of geroprotectors may be attributed to their specific anti-aging mechanisms, even without solid scientific evidence. The analysis of the survival data gathered by both anti-aging and hormetic interventions demonstrates that many essential similarities exist between them. The evidence that life-extending effects of anti-aging drugs may be due to hormetic-like response is discussed in this review.

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Hormesis as a biological hypothesis.

Cited by 150 publications

References 10 publications

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

Toxic effects of mercury, lead and gadolinium on vascular reactivity

Life Extension by Anti-Aging Drugs: Hormetic Explanation?

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