Hormonal contraception and postmenopausal hormone therapy in Spain

Costas, Laura; Sequera, Guillermo; Quesada, Paloma; Altzibar, Jone M.; Lope, Virginia; Pérez‐Gómez, Beatriz; Benavente, Yolanda; Martín, Vicente; Casabonne, Delphine; Robles, Claudia; Llorca, Javier; Moreno‐Iribas, Conchi; Fernández‐Tardón, Guillermo; Caballero-Granado, Francisco Javier; Salas, Dolores; Jiménez-Moleón, José Juan; Marcos‐Gragera, Rafael; Chirlaque, María‐Dolores; Amiano, Pilar; Molina, A.; Castaño‐Vinyals, Gemma; Aragonés, Núria; Kogevinas, Manolis; Pollán, Marina; Sanjosé, Sílvia de

doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000487

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Other studies published in Spain estimated a prevalence ranging from 3% to 10%. 4,17,[29][30][31][32] Regarding the prevalence of HT by age, our study demonstrated that a higher percentage of younger women were current users-a finding that is consistent with what was observed in the majority of the European countries. 33 However, the opposite was true in the United States, where women aged 60 to 69 years are the group with higher prevalence.…”

Section: Isidoro Et Alsupporting

confidence: 93%

Use of hormone therapy and isoflavones and mammographic density in Spain

et al. 2016

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Section: Isidoro Et Alsupporting

confidence: 93%

Use of hormone therapy and isoflavones and mammographic density in Spain

et al. 2016

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“…BMI may predict menopausal symptoms, and a high current BMI may indicate a lower need for HT around menopause [49]. However, the weak correlation between baseline BMI and HT use in our study suggests that the two factors may be regarded as independent.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: effect modification by body mass through life

et al. 2018

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It is not known whether increased breast cancer risk caused by menopausal hormone therapy (HT) depends on body mass patterns through life. In a prospective study of 483,241 Norwegian women aged 50-69 years at baseline, 7656 women developed breast cancer during follow-up (2006-2013). We combined baseline information on recalled body mass in childhood/adolescence and current (baseline) body mass index (BMI) to construct mutually exclusive life-course body mass patterns. We assessed associations of current HT use with breast cancer risk according to baseline BMI and life-course patterns of body mass, and estimated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). Within all levels of baseline BMI, HT use was associated with increased risk. Considering life-course body mass patterns as a single exposure, we used women who "remained at normal weight" through life as the reference, and found that being "overweight as young" was associated with lower risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.94), whereas women who "gained weight" had higher risk (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.28). Compared to never users of HT who were "overweight as young", HT users who either "remained at normal weight" or "gained weight" in adulthood were at higher risk than expected when adding the separate risks (RERI 0.52, 95% CI 0.09-0.95, and RERI 0.37, 95% CI - 0.07-0.80), suggesting effect modification. Thus, we found that women who remain at normal weight or gain weight in adulthood may be more susceptible to the risk increasing effect of HT compared to women who were overweight as young.

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“…We also assessed if these associations differ by specific CRC subsite. Finally, taking into account that reproductive patterns and the use of hormonal compounds are strongly influenced by womens’ educational level [ 13 ] and that highly educated women tend to have healthier life-styles [ 14 , 15 ], we evaluated the influence of reproductive factors separately in women with high and low educational background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Menstrual and Reproductive Factors and Risk of Gastric and Colorectal Cancer in Spain

et al. 2016

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BackgroundSex hormones play a role in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer etiology, however, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This study examines the influence of menstrual and reproductive factors over the risk of both tumors.MethodsIn this case-control study 128 women with gastric cancer and 1293 controls, as well as 562 female and colorectal cancer cases and 1605 controls were recruited in 9 and 11 Spanish provinces, respectively. Population controls were frequency matched to cases by age and province. Demographic and reproductive data were directly surveyed by trained staff. The association with gastric, colon and rectal cancer was assessed using logistic and multinomial mixed regression models.ResultsOur results show an inverse association of age at first birth with gastric cancer risk (five-year trend: OR = 0.69; p-value = 0.006). Ever users of hormonal contraception presented a decreased risk of gastric (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.26–0.69), colon (OR = 0.64; 95%CI = 0.48–0.86) and rectal cancer (OR = 0.61; 95%CI = 0.43–0.88). Postmenopausal women who used hormone replacement therapy showed a decreased risk of colon and rectal tumors. A significant interaction of educational level with parity and months of first child lactation was also observed.ConclusionThese findings suggest a protective role of exogenous hormones in gastric and colorectal cancer risk. The role of endogenous hormones remains unclear.

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Hormonal contraception and postmenopausal hormone therapy in Spain

Abstract: In this Spanish population, several demographic, lifestyle, occupational, and reproductive factors are associated with use of hormonal compounds. Characterizing hormonal users and monitoring trends in the use of these hormonal compounds are essential from a public health perspective.

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Use of hormone therapy and isoflavones and mammographic density in Spain

Use of hormone therapy and isoflavones and mammographic density in Spain

Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk: effect modification by body mass through life

Menstrual and Reproductive Factors and Risk of Gastric and Colorectal Cancer in Spain

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