Hormonal influences on the morphogenesis of the preputial gland of embryonic mice

Cunha, Gerald R.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091810104

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Later on, the male gland develops faster under the influence of testosterone. Postnatally, the female secondary outgrowth remains small and develops into the clitoral gland, whereas the male counterpart differentiates into the larger preputial gland (Cunha 1975). To our knowledge, three mouse models have been described with developmental abnormalities of the preputial gland, namely the X-linked Tabby (Ta) and testicular feminization (Tfm) mutations (Drews 1975), and a Hoxd13 (Spdh) mutant (Johnson et al 1998).…”

Section: Absence Of Preputial Glands In Apcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apc1638T: a mouse model delineating critical domains of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein involved in tumorigenesis and development

Smits¹,

Kielman²,

Breukel³

et al. 1999

Genes & Development

214

190

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The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is considered as the true gatekeeper of colonic epithelial proliferation: It is mutated in the majority of colorectal tumors, and mutations occur at early stages of tumor development in mouse and man. These mutant proteins lack most of the seven 20-amino-acid repeats and all SAMP motifs that have been associated with down-regulation of intracellular ␤-catenin levels. In addition, they lack the carboxy-terminal domains that bind to DLG, EB1, and microtubulin. APC also appears to be essential in development because homozygosity for mouse Apc mutations invariably results in early embryonic lethality. Here, we describe the generation of a mouse model carrying a targeted mutation at codon 1638 of the mouse Apc gene, Apc1638T, resulting in a truncated Apc protein encompassing three of the seven 20 amino acid repeats and one SAMP motif, but missing all of the carboxy-terminal domains thought to be associated with tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, homozygosity for the Apc1638T mutation is compatible with postnatal life. However, homozygous mutant animals are characterized by growth retardation, a reduced postnatal viability on the B6 genetic background, the absence of preputial glands, and the formation of nipple-associated cysts. Most importantly, Apc 1638T/1638T animals that survive to adulthood are tumor free. Although the full complement of Apc1638T is sufficient for proper ␤-catenin signaling, dosage reductions of the truncated protein result in increasingly severe defects in ␤-catenin regulation. The SAMP motif retained in Apc1638T also appears to be important for this function as shown by analysis of the Apc1572T protein in which its targeted deletion results in a further reduction in the ability of properly controlling ␤-catenin/Tcf signaling. These results indicate that the association with DLG, EB1, and microtubulin is less critical for the maintenance of homeostasis by APC than has been suggested previously, and that proper ␤-catenin regulation by APC appears to be required for normal embryonic development and tumor suppression.

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Section: Absence Of Preputial Glands In Apcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apc1638T: a mouse model delineating critical domains of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein involved in tumorigenesis and development

Smits¹,

Kielman²,

Breukel³

et al. 1999

Genes & Development

214

190

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“…2C). Laterally, in the proximal GT, two mesenchymal preputial swellings appear that enclose the preputial glands, epithelial glands seen from E13.5 (Cunha, 1975;Seifert et al, 2008). The PHUR epithelium remains in contact with the surface ectoderm of the ventral GT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An illustrated anatomical ontology of the developing mouse lower urogenital tract

et al. 2015

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Malformation of the urogenital tract represents a considerable paediatric burden, with many defects affecting the lower urinary tract (LUT), genital tubercle and associated structures. Understanding the molecular basis of such defects frequently draws on murine models. However, human anatomical terms do not always superimpose on the mouse, and the lack of accurate and standardised nomenclature is hampering the utility of such animal models. We previously developed an anatomical ontology for the murine urogenital system. Here, we present a comprehensive update of this ontology pertaining to mouse LUT, genital tubercle and associated reproductive structures (E10.5 to adult). Ontology changes were based on recently published insights into the cellular and gross anatomy of these structures, and on new analyses of epithelial cell types present in the pelvic urethra and regions of the bladder. Ontology changes include new structures, tissue layers and cell types within the LUT, external genitalia and lower reproductive structures. Representative illustrations, detailed text descriptions and molecular markers that selectively label muscle, nerves/ganglia and epithelia of the lower urogenital system are also presented. The revised ontology will be an important tool for researchers studying urogenital development/malformation in mouse models and will improve our capacity to appropriately interpret these with respect to the human situation.

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“…Development of the genital tubercle can be recognized at~E11.75 in the mouse (Perriton et al, 2002), and shortly thereafter the urethral plate can be observed in both male and female genital tubercles (Hynes and Fraher, 2004a, b;Petiot et al, 2005;Seifert et al, 2008;Yamada et al, 2006). Bilateral preputial swellings can be recognized extending laterally from the mouse genital tubercle at E14 (Cunha, 1975;Perriton et al, 2002;Petiot et al, 2005). It is perhaps worth noting that the preputial swellings of the mouse do not have a counterpart in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9C and D). Preputial gland ducts arise at E14-E15 from the distal surface of the preputial swellings (Cunha, 1975) (see also Fig. 5).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clitoral development in the mouse and human

et al. 2020

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The goal of this report is (a) to provide the first detailed description of mouse clitoral development, and (b) to compare mouse and human clitoral development. For this purpose, external genitalia of female mice were examined by wholemount microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry from 14 days of gestation to 10 days postnatal. Human clitoral development was examined by these techniques as well as by scanning electron microscopy and optical projection tomography from 8 to 19 weeks of gestation. The adult mouse clitoris is an internal organ defined by a U-shaped clitoral lamina whose development is associated with the prenatal medial and distal growth of the female preputial swellings along the sides of the genital tubercle to form the circumferential preputial lamina. Regression of the ventral aspect of the preputial lamina leads to formation of the U-shaped clitoral lamina recognized as early as 17 days of gestation. While the adult U-shaped mouse clitoral lamina is closely associated with the vagina, and it appears to be completely non-responsive to estrogen as opposed to the highly estrogenresponsive vaginal epithelium. The prominent perineal appendage in adult females is prepuce, formed via fusion of the embryonic preputial swellings and is not the clitoris.The human clitoris is in many respects a smaller anatomic version of the human penis having all of the external and internal elements except the urethra. The human clitoris (like the human penis) is derived from the genital tubercle with the clitoral glans projecting into the vaginal vestibule. Adult morphology and developmental processes are virtually non-comparable in the mouse and human clitoris.

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Hormonal influences on the morphogenesis of the preputial gland of embryonic mice

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Apc1638T: a mouse model delineating critical domains of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein involved in tumorigenesis and development

Apc1638T: a mouse model delineating critical domains of the adenomatous polyposis coli protein involved in tumorigenesis and development

An illustrated anatomical ontology of the developing mouse lower urogenital tract

Clitoral development in the mouse and human

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