Hormonal Regulation and Expression Profiles of Wheat Genes Involved during Phytic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway

Aggarwal, Surbhi; Shukla, Vishnu; Bhati, Kaushal Kumar; Kaur, Mandeep; Sharma, Shivani; Singh, Anuradha; Mantri, Shrikant; Pandey, Ajay Kumar

doi:10.3390/plants4020298

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The third gene, HORVU1Hr1G048400 , encodes methyltransferase-like protein 17 (mitochondrial), which is known to be drought-responsive proteins involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cell structure, and cycle, and increased response to drought tolerance [ 41 ]. HORVU1Hr1G050760 encoding Inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1 belongs to the ITPK proteins that have been identified as the intermediate precursor of phytic acid PA biosynthesis [ 42 , 43 ]. During germination, PA is catabolized by phytase enzymes, allowing the remobilization of the sequestered minerals to support juvenile seedling growth [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic basis of drought tolerance during seed germination in barley

et al. 2018

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Drought is one of the harshest abiotic stresses hindering seed germination, plant growth, and crop productivity. A high rate and uniformity of germination under stressful conditions are vital for crop establishment and growth; thus, for productivity. A better understanding of the genetic architecture of seed germination under drought stress is a prerequisite for further increasing yield potential. Barley is considered one of the most abiotic stresses-tolerant cereals. Elucidating the drought tolerance of barley during seed germination would indeed pave the way towards improving the performance of all cereals. However, we still know relatively little about the genetic control of drought tolerance during the seed germination phase. In our study, 218 worldwide spring barley accessions were subjected to PEG-induced drought during seed germination. Induced drought stress "20% PEG" significantly reduced the seed germination parameters and seedling related traits. A genome-wide association scan (GWAS) was used to identify genomic regions associated with our trait of interest. In total, 338 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with several traits distributed across seven barley chromosomes, of which 26 genomic regions were associated with candidate genes. The current study found some of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that have previously been reported to be linked to seed germination-related traits under drought conditions, as well as some new associations. Noteworthy, the identified QTL colocalized with a number of genes (within interval ±0.5 Mbp) that are exclusively distributed on chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 5H. The annotation of these genes in barley shows their roles in drought tolerance through encoding different transcription factors. The function of the identified genes during seed germination was also confirmed by the annotation of their counterparts in Arabidopsis. The current analyses show the power of the GWAS both for identifying putative candidate genes and for improving plant adaptive traits in barley.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic basis of drought tolerance during seed germination in barley

et al. 2018

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“…The reduction of phytic acid content is a major goal of plant-breeding programs that aim to improve the nutritional quality of crops. Efforts to breed low-phytic-acid (lpa) crops have focused on the genes involved in IP metabolism and compartmentation [ 17 – 21 ], while the regulatory pathways for IP synthesis and accumulation have received scant attention [ 22 , 23 ]. Moreover, although high IP6 content in seeds was thought to be unnecessary for plant development [ 24 ], many lpa mutants showed a lethal phenotype [ 25 ] or recessionary agronomic traits [ 26 ], including reduced yield and reduced resistance to stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of weighted co-regulatory networks in maize provides insights into new genes and regulatory mechanisms related to inositol phosphate metabolism

et al. 2016

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BackgroundD-myo-inositol phosphates (IPs) are a series of phosphate esters. Myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytic acid, IP6) is the most abundant IP and has negative effects on animal and human nutrition. IPs play important roles in plant development, stress responses, and signal transduction. However, the metabolic pathways and possible regulatory mechanisms of IPs in maize are unclear. In this study, the B73 (high in phytic acid) and Qi319 (low in phytic acid) lines were selected for RNA-Seq analysis from 427 inbred lines based on a screening of IP levels. By integrating the metabolite data with the RNA-Seq data at three different kernel developmental stages (12, 21 and 30 days after pollination), co-regulatory networks were constructed to explore IP metabolism and its interactions with other pathways.ResultsDifferentially expressed gene analyses showed that the expression of MIPS and ITPK was related to differences in IP metabolism in Qi319 and B73. Moreover, WRKY and ethylene-responsive transcription factors (TFs) were common among the differentially expressed TFs, and are likely to be involved in the regulation of IP metabolism.Six co-regulatory networks were constructed, and three were chosen for further analysis. Based on network analyses, we proposed that the GA pathway interacts with the IP pathway through the ubiquitination pathway, and that Ca2+ signaling functions as a bridge between IPs and other pathways. IP pools were found to be transported by specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Finally, three candidate genes (Mf3, DH2 and CB5) were identified and validated using Arabidopsis lines with mutations in orthologous genes or RNA interference (RNAi)-transgenic maize lines. Some mutant or RNAi lines exhibited seeds with a low-phytic-acid phenotype, indicating perturbation of IP metabolism. Mf3 likely encodes an enzyme involved in IP synthesis, DH2 encodes a transporter responsible for IP transport across organs and CB5 encodes a transporter involved in IP co-transport into vesicles.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into IP metabolism and regulation, and facilitates our development of a better understanding of the functions of IPs and how they interact with other pathways involved in plant development and stress responses. Three new genes were discovered and preliminarily validated, thereby increasing our knowledge of IP metabolism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2476-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…myo-Inositol is an important biomolecule in plant metabolism, forming conjugates with plant hormones and acting as a substrate for phosphate accumulation, while isomeric inositols and their O-methyl esters participate in seed desiccation and salt tolerance [32]. Regulation of InsP synthesis by ABA signaling is supported by a report by Aggarwal et al [33], who showed that ABA controls the expression of PA synthesis genes. There is growing evidence for the involvement of plant ITPKs in abiotic stress signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…An important role for inositol phosphate kinases during abiotic stress signaling is supported by the regulation of their expression by ABA [33], a potent abiotic stress signaling hormone. It is possible that enzymes from the initial phase of InsP synthesis might also participate in responses to abiotic stress.…”

Section: Transcription Profiling Of Itpk Genes Under Salinity Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelic Variants of CRISPR/Cas9 Induced Mutation in an Inositol Trisphosphate 5/6 Kinase Gene Manifest Different Phenotypes in Barley

Vlčko

Ohnoutková

2020

Plants

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Inositol trisphosphate 5/6 kinases (ITPK) constitute a small group of enzymes participating in the sequential phosphorylation of inositol phosphate to inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6), which is a major storage form of phosphate in cereal grains. The development of lines with reduced IP6 content could enhance phosphate and mineral bioavailability. Moreover, plant ITPKs participate in abiotic stress signaling. To elucidate the role of HvITPK1 in IP6 synthesis and stress signaling, a barley itpk1 mutant was created using programmable nuclease Cas9. Homozygous single bp insertion and deletion mutant lines were obtained. The mutants contained altered levels of phosphate in the mature grains, ranging from 65% to 174% of the wild type (WT) content. Homozygous mutant lines were tested for their response to salinity during germination. Interestingly, insertion mutant lines revealed a higher tolerance to salinity stress than deletion mutants. Mature embryos of an insertion mutant itpk1-2 and deletion mutant itpk1-33 were cultivated in vitro on MS medium supplemented with NaCl at 50, 100, and 200 mM. While both mutants grew less well than WT on no or low salt concentrations, the itpk1-2 mutant was affected less than the WT and itpk33 when grown on the highest NaCl concentration. The expression of all ITPKs was induced in roots in response to salt stress. In shoots, the differential effect of high salt on IPTK expression in the two iptk1 mutants was consistent with their different sensitivities to salt stress. The results extend the evidence for the involvement of ITPK genes in phosphate storage and abiotic stress signaling.

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Hormonal Regulation and Expression Profiles of Wheat Genes Involved during Phytic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway

Cited by 19 publications

References 71 publications

Genetic basis of drought tolerance during seed germination in barley

Genetic basis of drought tolerance during seed germination in barley

Analysis of weighted co-regulatory networks in maize provides insights into new genes and regulatory mechanisms related to inositol phosphate metabolism

Allelic Variants of CRISPR/Cas9 Induced Mutation in an Inositol Trisphosphate 5/6 Kinase Gene Manifest Different Phenotypes in Barley

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