Hormonal responses following eccentric exercise in humans

Abstract

oBJECTIvE: mechanically overloaded muscle and its subsequent damage are strong stimuli for eliciting acute hormonal changes, while the muscle adaptation which occurs following exercise-induced muscle damage may involve complex hormonal responses before the completion of muscle regeneration. The purpose of this study was to investigate systemic responses of various hormones, as well as secreted proteins that are exercise-regulated and associated with muscle adaptation, for several days after eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. DEsIgn: nine young male volunteers performed 50 maximal eccentric muscle actions using the knee extensor muscles of both legs. Blood samples were drawn before and at 6, 48 and 120 hours post exercise and serum levels of growth hormone (gh), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IgfBP-3), cortisol, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (Tsh), free thyroxine (fT4), irisin, follistatin and sclerostin were measured. myoglobin (mb) concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDh) activity were also evaluated as indirect markers of muscle damage. REsuLTs: significant alterations in mb and LDh were observed over time after eccentric exercise (p=0.039-0.001). A late serum increase in fT4 and decrease in irisin levels, along with an early and persistent decrease in IgfBP-3 levels, were observed following the muscle-damaging exercise (p=0.049-0.016). gh, cortisol, prolactin, Tsh, follistatin and sclerostin exhibited moderate changes during the recovery period after exercise, though without reaching statistical significance (p>0.05), while correlational analyses revealed significant associations between gh and IgfBP-3, prolactin and sclerostin over time (p=0.049-0.001). ConCLusIons: The significant hormonal responses observed in this study may indicate their involvement in the regenerative mechanisms following muscle damage, potentially as part of a regulatory network to support a normal adaptation process after muscle-damaging exercise.

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“…This circumstance indicates that the operating modes used in preparation process do not correspond to the loads during fights. With the help of biochemical methods of blood analysis it is possible to identify the features of adaptive and compensatory body reactions in conditions of different intensity loads and to assess their adequacy to the capabilities of athletes (Philippou et al, 2017).…”

“…One of the factors that reflect the process of adapting the athletes' organism to training loads is the change in the basal level of testosterone in blood serum (Chernozub, 2013;Philippou et al, 2017). High intensity loads performed during 3-4 months in the anaerobic mode of operation contribute to a 13-17% decrease in this indicator in the blood of athletes engaged in power fitness and bodybuilding.…”

“…Biochemical methods of blood analysis are used to primarily determine the nature of changes in the adaptive capabilities of the organism or to identify compensatory reactions in conditions of training activity. The most frequently used methods are those revealing the characteristics of the endocrine system and the energy supply system reactions to physical loads of different intensity (Philippou et al, 2017). Thus, for example, an increase in the concentration of glucocorticoid hormone cortisol in the serum of athletes indicates a normal response to a stress stimulus (Walker et al, 2017).…”

Features of Changes in the Morphometric Parameters of Men Practicing Power Fitness using Various Temporal Parameters of Muscle Activity

“…Виявлені нами особливості зміни морфометричних показників тіла в заданих умовах м'язової діяльності, підтверджують та доповнюють результати досліджень щодо темпів зростання результативності в бодибілдингу [4,8,12]. Оптимізація тренувального процесу відбувається за рахунок варіативності використання показників тренувального навантаження (кількості повторень в окремому сеті, вправ в тренувальному занятті, робочої маси снаряду) [1,2].…”

“…Вступ. Популяризація здорового способу життя, широкий віковий діапазон контингенту який в змозі займатися, індивідуалізація тренувального процесу з урахуванням функціональних можливостей організму кожного, комфортні та одночасно обладнанні новітніми технічними розробками тренажерні зали, комплексний підхід пов'язаний з сучасними технологіями контролю та відновлення організму після фізичних навантажень, дозволили напрямку фітнес-індустрії стати однією з найбільш розповсюджених в світі систем рухової активності [3,5,9,12].…”