Horseshoe kidney

Niknejad, Mohammad

doi:10.53347/rid-93637

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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Section: Anatomical Organization Of the Hskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusion at the inferior pole occurs in over 90% of cases of HSK variants (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021;Tubbs et al, 2016). While the isthmus most often consists of parenchymal tissue with its own blood supply, less commonly it consists solely of fibrous tissue or a mixture of renal parenchyma and fibrous tissue (Eisendrath et al, 1925;Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021). HSKs are most frequently positioned anterior to the aorta at spinal segments L3-L4, often the result of developmental impedance by the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ascent during weeks 6 to 9 of embryological development (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021;Sadler & Langman, 2018).…”

Section: Anatomical Organization Of the Hskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the isthmus most often consists of parenchymal tissue with its own blood supply, less commonly it consists solely of fibrous tissue or a mixture of renal parenchyma and fibrous tissue (Eisendrath et al, 1925;Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021). HSKs are most frequently positioned anterior to the aorta at spinal segments L3-L4, often the result of developmental impedance by the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ascent during weeks 6 to 9 of embryological development (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021;Sadler & Langman, 2018). Some reports suggest that 40% of HSKs have an isthmus residing posterior to the IMA (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021;Taghavi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Anatomical Organization Of the Hskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HSKs are most frequently positioned anterior to the aorta at spinal segments L3-L4, often the result of developmental impedance by the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ascent during weeks 6 to 9 of embryological development (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021;Sadler & Langman, 2018). Some reports suggest that 40% of HSKs have an isthmus residing posterior to the IMA (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021;Taghavi et al, 2016). The correlation between embryological etiologies, renal fusion and associated pathologies remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Anatomical Organization Of the Hskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the HSK appears to be a single organ, it in fact represents a fusion of two organs, thus it can be divided at the isthmus with proper attention to the vascular relations. In 15% -20% of cases, the isthmus will be composed of primarily fibrous tissue (Kirkpatrick & Leslie, 2021). In the remainder of cases, the division will be through parenchyma with management being similar to that for renal laceration.…”

Section: Anatomical Organization Of the Hskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horseshoe kidney: Morphologic features, embryologic and genetic etiologies, and surgical implications

et al. 2023

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The horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common congenital abnormality of the upper urinary tract with an incidence of approximately 1 in 500 in the general population. Although individuals with HSK are often asymptomatic, they are at increased risk for neoplasms, infections, ureteropelvic obstruction secondary to lithiasis or vascular compression. Direct injury from trauma is increased in these individuals as is the risk of intraoperative complications secondary to damage involving the typically complex renal or adrenal vascular supply.We briefly review etiological factors including renal and urinary system embryology, genetic mutations, abnormalities related to faulty cell signaling, aberrant cell migration, and other possible causes including environmental exposures and trauma. In addition, we call attention to factors that might influence the success of surgical procedures in patients with HSK. We argue that an understanding of possible etiologies of the HSK and its different subtypes may be useful when planning surgical procedures or considering risk–benefit ratios associated with different surgical options.We briefly present the organization of a HSK in a 100‐year‐old male demonstrating an unusual vascular supply discovered during a dissection laboratory session in a medical school anatomy course. We describe the structure of the HSK, the position and relationships of the HSK to other structures within the abdomen, and the associated vascular relationships.

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Section: Anatomical Organization Of the Hskmentioning

confidence: 99%