Hospital volume-mortality association after esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Postoperative mortality plays an important role in evaluating the surgical safety of esophagectomy. Although postoperative mortality after esophagectomy is partly influenced by the yearly hospital surgical case volume (hospital volume), this association remains unclear. Methods: Studies assessing the association between hospital volume and postoperative mortality in patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were searched for eligibility. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled for the highest versus lowest categories of hospital volume using a random effects model. The dose-response association between hospital volume and the risk of postoperative mortality was analyzed. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Results: Fifty-six studies including 385,469 participants were included. A higher-volume hospital significantly reduced the risk of post-esophagectomy mortality by 53% compared with their lower-volume counterparts (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.54). Similar results were found in subgroup analyses. Volume-outcome analysis suggested that post-esophagectomy mortality rates remained roughly stable after the hospital volume reached a plateau of 45 esophagectomies per year. Conclusions: Higher-volume hospitals had significantly lower post-esophagectomy mortality rates in patients with esophageal cancer, with a threshold of 45 esophagectomies per year for a high-volume hospital. This remarkable negative correlation showed the benefit of a better safety in centralization of esophagectomy to a high volume hospital.