Host Cell Receptors Implicated in the Cellular Tropism of BVDV

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most hazardous viruses, which causes huge economic losses in the cattle industry around the world. In recent years, there has been a continuous increase in the diversity of pestivirus worldwide. As a member of the genus Pestivirus in the Flaviviridae family, BVDV has a wide range of host animals including cattle, goat, sheep, pig, camel and other cloven-hoofed animals, and it has multi-tissue tropism as well. The recognition of their permissive cells by viruses via interaction with the cellular receptors is a prerequisite for successful infection. So far, little is known about the cellular receptors essential for BVDV entry and their detailed functions during BVDV infection. Thus, discovery of the cellular receptors involved in the entry of BVDV and other pestiviruses is significant for development of the novel intervention. The viral envelope glycoprotein Erns and E2 are crucial determinants of the cellular tropism of BVDV. The cellular proteins bound with Erns and E2 potentially participate in BVDV entry, and their abundance might determine the cellular tropism of BVDV. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding the cellular molecules have been described for BVDV entry, such as, complement regulatory protein 46 (CD46), heparan sulfate (HS), the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). Furthermore, we focus on their implications of the recently identified cellular receptors for pestiviruses in BVDV life cycle. This knowledge provides a theoretical basis for BVDV prevention and treatment by targeting the cellular receptors essential for BVDV infection.

Congenital tremor and splay leg in Swedish piglets : a study of the viral causes and routes of transmission

“…The protein E rns and the E2 -protein specifically bind to receptors on the cell surface to enable entry (Li et al 2017;Goraya et al 2018). Cellular receptors such as complement regulatory protein 46 (CD46), heparan sulphate (HS), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, and disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) are important for pestivirus infection (Hulst et al 2001;Qi et al 2022). Utilizing these ubiquitous cell surface proteins/receptors, pestiviruses generally exhibit multicell-and tissue-tropic behaviour.…”

“…Utilizing these ubiquitous cell surface proteins/receptors, pestiviruses generally exhibit multicell-and tissue-tropic behaviour. Pestivirus may infect lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, neurons, oocytes in the reproductive tract, mucosal epithelia, the central nervous system, the bone marrow, the peripheral blood, and the lymphoid tissue (Hewicker-Trautwein et al 1992;Marshall et al 1996;Liebler-Tenorio et al 1997;Wang et al 2004;García-Pérez et al 2009;Qi et al 2022).…”

“…However, a low genome similarity (25 -28%) is seen compared to other, well-known, pestiviruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and border disease virus . Despite the distinctions, APPV uses the same conserved host cell receptor, CD46, as BVDV for the initial entry into macrophages and lymphocytes of the tonsils prior to being systemically distributed (Liebler-Tenorio et al 1997;Maurer et al 2004;Cagatay et al 2021;Qi et al 2022). CD46 is a transmembrane protein expressed on many cell types (Liszewski & Atkinson 1992;Ni Choileain & Astier 2012) and used for cell entry by several viruses and bacteria (Cattaneo 2004).…”

Diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea virus: an overview of currently available methods

“…BVD is a significant infectious disease that poses a threat to animal health and has caused a severe impact on the cattle industry (Qi et al, 2022). A rapid and accurate diagnosis of BVDV infection is crucial, and various diagnostic approaches have been established, including etiological, serological, and molecular methods for detecting BVDV.…”