Host-microbiome interactions regarding peri-implantitis and dental implant loss

Abstract

In the last decades, the ortho-aesthetic-functional rehabilitation had significant advances with the advent of implantology. Despite the success in implantology surgeries, there is a percentage of failures mainly due to in loco infections, through bacterial proliferation, presence of fungi and biofilm formation, originating peri-implantitis. In this sense, several studies have been conducted since then, seeking answers to numerous questions that remain unknown. Thus, the present work aims to discuss the interaction between host-oral microbiome and the development of peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis was associated with a diversity of bacterial species, being Porphiromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia described in higher proportion of peri-implantitis samples. In a parallel role, the injury of peri-implant tissue causes an inflammatory response mediated by activation of innate immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. In summary, the host immune system activation may lead to imbalance of oral microbiota, and, in turn, the oral microbiota dysbiosis is reported leading to cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, and proteolytic enzymes production. These biological processes may be responsible for implant loss.

Association analysis between CD14 gene polymorphisms and peri‐implantitis susceptibility in a Chinese population

“…PI is an infectious disease affecting the soft and hard osseous tissue surrounding the implants, which is the main cause of the failure of the implant denture 15 . With the increasing demand for dental implants, the risk of dental implant failures appear to increase recently 16 . Many factors can influence the occurrence of PI, including occlusal factors, general condition, smoking and oral health habit, and so on 17 .…”

Identification of immunological bioprocesses involved in peri‐implantitis using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis

“…Peri-implantitis is caused by the biofilm accumulated around the implant. 38 The predominant bacteria in periimplantitis comparing with healthy implants are Fusobacterium and Treponema, while peri-implant mucositis is mostly colonized by Rothia and Streptococcus. 39 However, the bacteria do not enter the soft tissue since the keratinocytes and the biological sealing of transmucosal soft tissue act as a protective barrier.…”

“…Peri‐implantitis is caused by the biofilm accumulated around the implant 38 . The predominant bacteria in peri‐implantitis comparing with healthy implants are Fusobacterium and Treponema , while peri‐implant mucositis is mostly colonized by Rothia and Streptococcus 39 .…”

The progress in titanium alloys used as biomedical implants: From the view of reactive oxygen species

“…4 Titanium alloys with antibacterial properties in a reactive oxygen species perspective Titanium and titanium alloys have been widely used as dental implants and hip prostheses owing to their desirable corrosion resistance and biocompatibility (Saruta et al, 2019). However, microorganisms will attach to the titanium surface to form plaque after implantation leading to inflammation around the implant (Alves et al, 2022). The survival rate of dental implants at 10-15 years is up to 89% plus, but dental implants infections or peri-implantitis may be as high as 14% (Norowski and Bumgardner, 2009).…”