Host Preference and Progeny Sex Ratio in a Solitary Koinobiont Mealybug Endoparasitoid, Anagyrus Pseudococci (Girault), in Response to its Host Stage

Islam, K. S.; Copland, M. J. W.

doi:10.1080/09583159730857

Cited by 48 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, parasitoid mortality could result or their performance adversely affected (Wang et al, 2008). Mortality of parasitoids at the time of emergence has been documented for adults of aphid parasitoids (Hsieh & Allen, 1986;Krespi et al, 1991;Lingren et al, 1991;Islam & Copland, 1997;Walton & Pringle, 1999). Low mortality of C. perminutus when exposed to fipronil and α-cypermethrin could be due to a different mechanism of exiting the mummy case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anagyrus species near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are tiny solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (Islam & Copland, 1997). These parasitoids have potential for use in augmentative release programs for suppression of vine mealybug in Western Cape Province vineyards (Whitehead, 1957;Walton & Pringle, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the arrhenotokous A. sp. near pseudococci only females were used and for the thelytokous C. perminutus, all individuals were used (Avidov et al, 1967;Islam & Copland, 1997;Ceballo & Walter, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Contact Pesticides on Vine Mealybug Parasitoids, Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Mgocheki

Addison

2016

SAJEV

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Anagyrus species near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are well-known mealybug parasitoids. Both are proven biological control agents of Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in vineyards. These parasitoids are affected by some pesticides used for the control of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and P. ficus in vineyards. To establish which of the vineyard pesticides is more toxic to parasitoids, pesticide bioassays were carried in the laboratory using adult and pupal parasitoids. Fipronil and α-cypermethrin caused significant acute toxicity of both parasitoids. Low mortality was recorded for all these pesticides for parasitoids emerging from mummies indicating that the mummy case was an effective barrier to pesticides for parasitoids. Buprofezin, mancozeb and an insecticidal soap were not toxic to parasitoids in both bioassays. Some pesticides have far-reaching negative impacts on parasitoids of orchard and vineyard arthropod pests. A refinement on pest management strategies regarding method and timing of application of pesticides where parasitoids constitute part of the pest management program is essential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Contact Pesticides on Vine Mealybug Parasitoids, Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Mgocheki

Addison

2016

SAJEV

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“…Development time of a parasitoid is affected by host age, host species and temperature (Islam and Copland 1997;Bokonon-Ganta et al 1995;Ç alis¸ir et al 2005). In our experiments at 28°C, development times for female and male A. pseudococci were influenced by host age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some biological interactions between the parasitoid Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its host Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)

et al. 2006

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The development, longevity, fecundity and life-table parameters of the endoparasitoid Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), 15 d.o. (3rd-instar nymphs) and 21 d.o. (young adult females) of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) at 28 ± 1°C, 65 ± 10%RH and 16:8h L:D under laboratory conditions. The developmental time of female parasitoids within the host was 17.7 ± 0.39 days in 15 d.o. and 16.65 ± 0.25 days in 21 d.o. hosts; for males, development time was 16.85 ± 0.29 and 15.25 ± 0.09 days, respectively. The average number of offspring per female was 22.35 ± 1.68 in 15 d.o. and 34.8 ± 2.56 in 21 d.o. vine mealybugs. The longevity of female parasitoids was 14.8 ± 0.98 days in 15 d.o. and 15.65 ± 0.92 days in 21 d.o. mealybugs, respectively; for males, longevity was determined as 7.3 ± 0.43 and 6.7 ± 0.54 days, respectively. The mean time of pupation was 7.85 ± 0.003 days in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 8.65 ± 0.003 days in 21 d.o. mealybugs. The aggregate encapsulation rate in the parasitized 15 d.o. mealybugs was 49.73 and 60.36% in 21 d.o. mealybugs. Furthermore, effective encapsulation was 24.82% in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 37.50% in 21 d.o. mealybugs. Population growth rate (r m ) for A. pseudococci was 0.0999 female/female/days in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 0.1269 female/female/days in 21 d.o. mealybugs. The mean population generation time was 23.49 days for parasitoids reared in 15-days-old and 22.39 days when reared in 21 d.o. mealybugs.

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“…was field collected from P. ficus and incubated in the laboratory at room temperature until emergence. Colonies were maintained in the laboratory on 3rd instar to adult vine mealybugs feeding on butternut squash (Islam & Copland, 1997). Coccidoxenoides perminutus were sourced from DuRoi IPM (Letsitele, South Africa) as mature pupae.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sublethal Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on the Vine Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Mgocheki

Addison

2015

SAJEV

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Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide used for the control of the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus. However, biological control of P. ficus is the primary alternate management method recommended for the integrated control of this pest. We therefore aimed to establish the detrimental effects on the development of Anagyrus. sp. near pseudococci and Coccidoxenoides perminutus feeding on imidacloprid-contaminated vine mealybugs as indicated by the subsequent emergence and survival of the F 1 generation. The results imply that A. sp. near pseudococci and C. perminutus were equally susceptible to imidacloprid, based on probit analysis. However, survival was significantly different between the control and insecticide treatment for C. perminutus (χ 2 = 23.80; d.f. = 3; p < 0.001), but not for A. sp. near pseudococci (χ 2 = 5.07; d.f. = 3; p = 0.17). As this study was laboratory based, the effect of imidacloprid on populations of parasitoids in the field should be assessed further. Treatment recommendations to minimise the impact on parasitoids are discussed briefly.

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Host Preference and Progeny Sex Ratio in a Solitary Koinobiont Mealybug Endoparasitoid, Anagyrus Pseudococci (Girault), in Response to its Host Stage

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Contact Pesticides on Vine Mealybug Parasitoids, Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Effect of Contact Pesticides on Vine Mealybug Parasitoids, Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Some biological interactions between the parasitoid Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its host Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)

The Sublethal Effects of a Systemic Insecticide on the Vine Mealybug Parasitoids Anagyrus sp. near pseudococci (Girault) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Timberlake) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

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