Hot Lithography vs. room temperature DLP 3D-printing of a dimethacrylate

Steyrer, Bernhard; Busetti, Bernhard; Harakály, György; Liska, Robert; Stampfl, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.03.013

Cited by 89 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Note the slightly higher cut-off viscosity, 600 cP. For the T g predictions, the final T g s of Bis-GMA, BisEMA, and IBMA polymers are 200 °C, 160 °C, and 140 °C, respectively [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The T g of the HDDMA polymer is not commonly reported in the literature, but it should be higher than the T g of its acrylate counterpart, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), which was reported to be 93 °C [ 29 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Makarian

Alvarez

et al. 2020

Materials

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A well-defined resin system is needed to serve as a benchmark for 3D printing of high-performance composites. This work describes the design and characterization of such a system that takes into account processability and performance considerations. The Grunberg–Nissan model for resin viscosity and the Fox equation for polymer Tg were used to determine proper monomer ratios. The target viscosity of the resin was below 500 cP, and the target final Tg of the cured polymer was 150 °C based on tan-δ peak from dynamic mechanical analysis. A tri-component model resin system, termed DA-2 resin, was determined and fully characterized. The printed polymer exhibited good thermal properties and high mechanical strength after post-cure, but has a comparatively low fracture toughness. The model resin will be used in additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite materials as well as for understanding the fundamental processing–property relationships in light-based 3D printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Makarian

Alvarez

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…The mixture of monomers and prepolymers is mainly responsible for the viscosity of the liquid resin and gives the appropriate mechanical parameters to the final printout [53]. The reactivity of the monomer mixture and initiating system significantly affect the speed of the printing process and the need and time of the post-curing process [54].…”

Section: Future Fabricated With Photopolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Micromachining: High-Precision and Innovative Additive Manufacturing Solutions Based on Photopolymerization Technology

Fiedor

Ortyl

2020

Materials

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The following article introduces technologies that build three dimensional (3D) objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, also called additive manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, most important features supporting the conscious choice of 3D printing methods for applications in micro and nanomanufacturing are covered. The micromanufacturing method covers photopolymerization-based methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), the liquid crystal display–DLP coupled method, two-photon polymerization (TPP), and inkjet-based methods. Functional photocurable materials, with magnetic, conductive, or specific optical applications in the 3D printing processes are also reviewed.

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“…Going through the literature, achievable typical values of DC approximately alters from 60 to 80 % [64,65], regardless if curing is induced via 1PP or multi-photon lithography (MPL). Sometimes values over 90 % are observed, especially, when additional UV post-curing is applied [66]. Not only inhibition mechanisms [61], but the reaction process and curable resin composition [67] influence DC.…”

Section: Main Factors Influencing Photopolymerization Kinetics and Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher temperatures several things occur, affecting the polymerization. At first, viscosity decreases, and the Brownian motion increases enabling the faster free radical migration leading to the prompt active center occurrence and the higher cross-linking rate [76]. Secondly, the electrons in the monomers accelerate to a more efficient ionization energy, resulting in more free radicals formation [11].…”

Section: Main Factors Influencing Photopolymerization Kinetics and Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Photopolymerization Mechanisms at a Spatio-temporally Ultra-confined Light

Skliutas¹,

Lebedevaite²,

Kabouraki³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Ultrafast laser 3D lithography based on non-linear light-matter interactions, widely known as multi-photon lithography (MPL), offers unrivaled precision rapid prototyping and flexible additive manufacturing options. 3D printing equipment based on MPL are already commercially available, yet there is still no comprehensive understanding of factors determining spatial resolution, accuracy, fabrication throughput, repeatability, and standardized metrology methods for the accurate characterization of the produced 3D objects and their functionalities. The photoexcitation mechanisms, spatial-control or photo-modified volumes, and the variety of processable materials are topics actively investigated. The complexity of the research field is underlined by limited understanding and fragmented knowledge of light-excitation and material response. Research to date has only provided case-specific findings on photoexcitation, chemical modification, and material characterization of the experimental data. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and comprehensive summary of the existing literature on photopolymerization mechanisms under highly confined spatial and temporal conditions, where, besides the excitation and cross-linking, parameters such as diffusion, temperature accumulation, and the finite amount of monomer molecules start to become of critical importance. Key parameters such as, photoexcitation, polymerization kinetics, and the properties of the additively manufactured materials at the nanoscale in 3D are examined, whereas, the perspectives for future research and as well as emerging applications are outlined.

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Hot Lithography vs. room temperature DLP 3D-printing of a dimethacrylate

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

A New Approach to Micromachining: High-Precision and Innovative Additive Manufacturing Solutions Based on Photopolymerization Technology

Photopolymerization Mechanisms at a Spatio-temporally Ultra-confined Light

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